How Well Sensing Integrates with Communications in MmWave Wi-Fi?

The development of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems has recently gained interest for its ability to offer a variety of services including resources sharing and new applications, for example, localization, tracking, and health care related. While the sensing capabilities are offered through many technologies, rending to their wide deployments and the high frequency spectrum they provide and high range resolution, its accessibility through the Wi-Fi networks IEEE 802.11ad and 802.11ay has been getting the interest of research and industry. Even though there is a dedicated standardization body, namely the 802.11bf task group, working on enhancing the Wi-Fi sensing performance, investigations are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of various sensing techniques. In this project, we, in addition to surveying related literature, we evaluate the sensing performance of the millimeter wave (mmWave) Wi-Fi systems by simulating a scenario of a human target using Matlab simulation tools. In this analysis, we processed channel estimation data using the short time Fourier transform (STFT). Furthermore, using a channel variation threshold method, we evaluated the performance while reducing feedback. Our findings indicate that using STFT window overlap can provide good tracking results, and that the reduction in feedback measurements using 0.05 and 0.1 threshold levels reduces feedback measurements by 48% and 77%, respectively, without significantly degrading performance.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.04859 by other author

How Can Optical Communications Shape the Future of Deep Space Communications? A Survey

With a large number of deep space (DS) missions anticipated by the end of this decade, reliable and high capacity DS communications systems are needed more than ever. Nevertheless, existing DS communications technologies are far from meeting such a goal. Improving current DS communications systems does not only require system engineering leadership but also, very crucially, an investigation of potential emerging technologies that overcome the unique challenges of ultra-long DS communications links. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive surveys of DS communications technologies over the last decade. Free space optical (FSO) technology is an emerging DS technology, proven to acquire lower communications systems size, weight, and power (SWaP) and achieve a very high capacity compared to its counterpart radio frequency (RF) technology, the current used DS technology. In this survey, we discuss the pros and cons of deep space optical communications (DSOC). Furthermore, we review the modulation, coding, and detection, receiver, and protocols schemes and technologies for DSOC. We provide, for the very first time, thoughtful discussions about implementing orbital angular momentum (OAM) and quantum communications (QC) for DS. We elaborate on how these technologies among other field advances, including interplanetary network, and RF/FSO systems improve reliability, capacity, and security and address related implementation challenges and potential solutions. This paper provides a holistic survey in DSOC technologies gathering 200+ fragmented literature and including novel perspectives aiming to setting the stage for more developments in the field.Comment: 17 pages, 8 Figure

Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6

The 6th issue of the Copernicus OSR incorporates a large range of topics for the blue, white and green ocean for all European regional seas, and the global ocean over 1993–2020 with a special focus on 2020

The Crowdsourced Replication Initiative: Investigating Immigration and Social Policy Preferences. Executive Report.

In an era of mass migration, social scientists, populist parties and social movements raise concerns over the future of immigration-destination societies. What impacts does this have on policy and social solidarity? Comparative cross-national research, relying mostly on secondary data, has findings in different directions. There is a threat of selective model reporting and lack of replicability. The heterogeneity of countries obscures attempts to clearly define data-generating models. P-hacking and HARKing lurk among standard research practices in this area.This project employs crowdsourcing to address these issues. It draws on replication, deliberation, meta-analysis and harnessing the power of many minds at once. The Crowdsourced Replication Initiative carries two main goals, (a) to better investigate the linkage between immigration and social policy preferences across countries, and (b) to develop crowdsourcing as a social science method. The Executive Report provides short reviews of the area of social policy preferences and immigration, and the methods and impetus behind crowdsourcing plus a description of the entire project. Three main areas of findings will appear in three papers, that are registered as PAPs or in process

Why should and how can quantum technologies be leveraged at national levels?

Abstract Quantum technologies (QT) promise to change the landscape of technologies disruptively in diverse industries. For this reason, many nations around the globe are investing to emerge within the global quantum ecosystem through initiating national programmes and international partnerships. Nonetheless, some other countries are still running behind and yet their governments need to take series actions to help their private and public sectors adapt to the looming changes, considering the new regulations required and the huge influence that QT will present in the near future. In this opinion piece, the authors provide, to the best of their knowledge, the first generally applicable, yet comprehensive and brief, framework for leveraging the emerging QT to facilitate the establishment of national initiatives properly. The insights presented in this article were driven based on investigating various approaches, initiatives, and roadmaps adopted globally and meeting with local and regional leaders, professionals, and governmental officials. Furthermore, taken into account socioeconomic and institutional dimensions of the Libyan society, the framework for the Libyan nation is projected. This opinion piece is intended to inspire researchers, technical industrial experts, stakeholders, and governmental bodies to find roles they need to play to bring QT forward

pH-dependent complexation of lysozyme with low methoxyl (LM) pectin

In order to understand the effect of pH on the formation of electrostatic complexes between lysozyme and low methoxyl (LM) pectin, mixtures were prepared at a fixed lysozyme concentration (0.714g.L−1) by progressive addition of LM pectin (from 0 to 4g.L−1). Turbidity analysis allowed to determine specific conditions of pH and lysozyme/LM pectin ratio for optimal complex aggregation. The intrinsic fluorescence enhancement observed upon binding of LM pectin to lysozyme was correlated with the formation of intermolecular aggregates. Conversely, the intrinsic fluorescence decrease observed at higher LM pectin amounts was correlated with the dissociation of intermolecular aggregates. UV absorption spectroscopy showed modifications in lysozyme conformation during both the aggregation phase and the dissociation phase. The role of electrostatic interactions in the formation of lysozyme/LM pectin complexes is discussed in relation to the overall structure and the charge density profile of the two biopolymers

Nisin as a Food Preservative: Part 2: Antimicrobial Polymer Materials Containing Nisin

Nisin is the only bacteriocin approved as a food preservative because of its antibacterial effectiveness and its negligible toxicity for humans. Typical problems encountered when nisin is directly added to foods are mainly fat adsorption leading to activity loss, heterogeneous distribution in the food matrix, inactivation by proteolytic enzymes, and emergence of resistance in normally sensitive bacteria strains. To overcome these problems, nisin can be immobilized in solid matrices that must act as diffusional barriers and allow controlling its release rate. This strategy allows maintaining a just sufficient nisin concentration at the food surface. The design of such antimicrobial materials must consider both bacterial growth kinetics but also nisin release kinetics. In this review, nisin incorporation in polymer-based materials will be discussed and special emphasis will be on the applications and properties of antimicrobial food packaging containing this bacteriocin