Subchronic toxicity and behavioural effects of Glycine max (L.) oil emulsion in male rats

The oil of Glycine max commonly known as soybean oil has over the decades grown popularity for its low cholesterol hence its use within the household and commercially for food production has grossly increased. This study was aimed to determine the effects of long term consumption of soybean oil toxicologically and behaviourally.Male albino rats were administered with the vehicle, 5 and 10% oil emulsion for 30 days orally. The rats were subjected to behavioural tests such as novelty-induced behaviour (NIB), learning and memory tests and food intake measurement weekly. At the end of 30 days, rats were anesthetized and carefully dissected and blood sample was taken and analyzed haematogically and biochemically. The liver sample was also taken for biochemical analysis. Histopathological examinations were carried out on the brain, spleen, liver, kidney, lungs and testis samples.The results showed that oral administration of oil caused an increase in food intake, significant effect on NIB but had no effect on learning and memory. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of both haemoglobin and PCV in the grouped administered with high dose. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in triglyceride, ALT, AST levels, with no effect on cholesterol. Histopathological analysis revealed no significant effects on the essential organs tested when compared with the vehicle treated rats.This study conclusively showed that soybean oil has central excitatory effects and there is need for caution when used for a long period since it has significant effects on biochemical parameters

Subchronic toxicity and behavioural effects of Glycine max (L.) oil emulsion in male rats

The oil of Glycine max commonly known as soybean oil has over the decades grown popularity for its low cholesterol hence its use within the household and commercially for food production has grossly increased. This study was aimed to determine the effects of long term consumption of soybean oil toxicologically and behaviourally.Male albino rats were administered with the vehicle, 5 and 10% oil emulsion for 30 days orally. The rats were subjected to behavioural tests such as novelty-induced behaviour (NIB), learning and memory tests and food intake measurement weekly. At the end of 30 days, rats were anesthetized and carefully dissected and blood sample was taken and analyzed haematogically and biochemically. The liver sample was also taken for biochemical analysis. Histopathological examinations were carried out on the brain, spleen, liver, kidney, lungs and testis samples.The results showed that oral administration of oil caused an increase in food intake, significant effect on NIB but had no effect on learning and memory. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of both haemoglobin and PCV in the grouped administered with high dose. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in triglyceride, ALT, AST levels, with no effect on cholesterol. Histopathological analysis revealed no significant effects on the essential organs tested when compared with the vehicle treated rats.This study conclusively showed that soybean oil has central excitatory effects and there is need for caution when used for a long period since it has significant effects on biochemical parameters

Sesamum indicum diet prevents hyperlipidemia in experimental rats

Cardiovascular diseases and metabolic complications caused by hyperlipidemia are the leading cause of death globally. In this study, the hypolipidemic potency of Sesamum indicum (SI) seeds was investigated. Of the thirty-five (35) male rats used in the study, five (5) were randomly selected for baseline measurements and thirty (30) were fed high fat diet (HFD) for four (4) weeks before random assignment into three (3) groups. The experimental group was treated with 50% SI seed, the positive control group was given a hypolipidemic drug, atorvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) while the untreated group served as the negative control. With SI administration, the dyslipidemia induced by the HFD consumption in the plasma and the investigated body organs was reversed to a comparable degree with that of atorvastatin treatment. Taken together, this study demonstrates the hypolipidemic potency of SI in ameliorating hyperlipidemia and its associated complications, facilitated by the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity

ERGONOMICS INVESTIGATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER AMONG THE WORKFORCE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

The objective of this study is to undertake an Ergonomic Scrutiny of Desecrate Management Industry. Ten (10) employees of the parking and collection department of Kim Waste Management Authority (KWMA) were selected. Their activities were video and recorded while working and their different postures were analyzed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Result showed that 10% were at medium risk; 40% were at high risk and 50% were at very high risk for the workers in KWMA. It as discovered that workers are subjected to Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSDs) as a result of the postures adopted during the work process

Physicochemical properties of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) concrete made using Saudi clays

Using calcined clays and limestone powder for clinker substitution to make a tertiary blend, known as limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), is a promising emerging technology. This study explored the viability of using local Saudi clays to prepare LC3 concrete. Two Saudi (white and yellow) and one Ukrainian (for comparison) clays were used for clinker substitution at three levels (i.e., 30%, 50% and 70%). The clay and LC3 samples were characterized using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Paste and concrete specimens were prepared to investigate the phase assemblage, fresh (water demand, setting time, and flowability), and hardened (compressive strength, shrinkage, and chloride ingress) properties. The results revealed that the clays contained about 53%, 30%, and 35% kaolinite, respectively. The incorporation of clays resulted in increased water demand to achieve normal consistency. The setting time of LC3 mixtures also increased, while the flowability decreased compared to the control mixture. The 28-day compressive strength was more than 28 MPa up to 50% clinker substitution. LC3 mixtures also exhibited relatively low shrinkage and high resistance to chloride ingress

Tuning the optical properties and some surface structure of Cd-O thin film electrodeposited by two-electrode: An effect of Cobalt incorporation

The tuning of optical and dielectric parameters, structural and microstructural properties of CdO synthesized via a solution growth two-electrode cell arrangement under ambient environment, with the incorporation of Co ion into its matrix was investigated. The energy band gaps of the films was estimated in the range of 1.69 eV</=Eg</= 1.96 eV. The extinction coefficient, k for all the samples decreases as the incident photon energy increases. The films exhibit considerably high optical conduction across the photon energy with estimated power of 1013 (Omega m)-1. The elemental composition of the samples was determined using the energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry technique. The micrograph images from scanning electron microscopy technique shown that the films are polycrystalline and well-adhered to the substrates with their crystal grains evenly dispersed across the substrates’ surface. The x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the deposited films are of polycrystalline in nature. The films show preference for orientation along the (111) plane

Evaluating Rutting Resistance of Rejuvenated Recycled Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using Different Types of Recycling Agents

Growing environmental pollution worldwide is mostly caused by the accumulation of different types of liquid and solid wastes. Therefore, policies in developed countries seek to support the concept of waste recycling due to its significant impact on the environmental footprint. Hot-mix asphalt mixtures (HMA) with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) have shown great performance under rutting. However, incorporating a high percentage of RAP (>25%) is a challenging issue due to the increased stiffness of the resulting mixture. The stiffness problem is resolved by employing different types of commercial and noncommercial rejuvenators. In this study, three types of noncommercial rejuvenators (waste cooking oil (WCO), waste engine oil (WEO), and date seed oil (DSO)) were used, in addition to one type of commercial rejuvenator. Three percentages of RAP (20%, 40%, and 60%) were utilized. Mixing proportions for the noncommercial additives were set as 0–10% for mixtures with 20% RAP, 12.5–17.5% for mixtures with 40% RAP, and 17.5–20% for mixtures with 60% RAP. In addition, mixing proportions for the commercial additive were set as 0.5–1.0% for mixtures with 20% RAP, 1.0–1.5% for mixtures with 40% RAP, and 1.5–2.0% for mixtures with 60% RAP. The rutting performance of the generated mixtures was indicated first by using the rutting index (G*/sin δ) for the combined binders and then evaluated using the Hamburg wheel-track test. The results showed that the rejuvenated mixtures with the commercial additive at 20 and 60% RAP performed well compared to the control mixture, whereas the rejuvenated ones at 40% RAP performed well with noncommercial additives in comparison to the control mixture. Furthermore, the optimum percentages for each type of the used additives were obtained, depending on their respective performance, as 10%, 12.5%, and 17.5% of WCO, 10%, 12.5–17.5%, and 17.5% of WEO, <10%, 12.5%, and 17.5% of DSO, and 0.5–1.0%, 1.0%, and 1.5–2.0% of the commercial rejuvenator, corresponding to the three adopted percentages of RAP