DOES TAXATION HAS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT? AN EMPIRICAL RESPONSE FROM CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effect of taxation on investment in Nigeria from 1970 to 2018. Relevant secondary data were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins and Federal Inland Revenue Services Bulletin from 1970 to 2018. Regression analysis technique, Units root test, Johansen co-integration, Vector Error-Correction Model, and Granger causality tests were employed to determine the long run relationship and causality links among the variables. Results showed that PPT and Value added tax had positive significant impact on INV both in the short run and in the long run while Company income tax, and Custom and Excise duties impacted INV negatively. It is concluded that all components of taxes had positive significant impact on investment in Nigeria except corporate income tax. Corporate income tax had negative significant impact on investment both in the short run and in the long run

AN ASSESSMENT OF NON-OIL TAXATION INFLOW ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: VERDICT FROM WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES

This study examined the impact of non-oil taxation inflow on economic growth in selected West African countries using World Bank panel data from 1999 to 2018. Ten (10) West African countries were purposefully selected from 1999 to 2018. Specifically, five francophone and Anglophone countries were selected for this study. Panel data analysis was employed to articulate the effect of independent variables (company income tax, Value added tax, Education tax, and Custom and excise duties.) inflow on dependent variable (economic growth (GDP)). The results showed that corporate income tax, Value added tax, Education tax and Custom and excise duties had positive significant effect on economic growth of West African countries.  In conclusion, non-oil taxation Inflow impacted economic growth significantly and positively in selected West African countries. This predicated that money realized as taxation income has been utilized effectively, productively and efficiently on economic enhancement in terms of employment creation, roads construction, income distribution, provision of infrastructural facilities and economic stability. This study postulated that West African countries should lay mush emphasis on the collection of non-oil taxation effectively especially VAT and CIT, and expend much of this revenue prudently for the augmentation and enrichment of the populace

A selective control information detection scheme for OFDM receivers

In wireless communications, both control information and payload (user-data) are concurrently transmitted and required to be successfully recovered. This paper focuses on block-level detection, which is applicable for detecting transmitted control information, particularly when this information is selected or chosen from a finite set of information that are known at both transmitting and receiving devices. Using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing architecture, this paper investigates and evaluates the performance of a time-domain decision criterion in comparison with a form of Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method. Unlike the ML method, the proposed time-domain detection technique requires no channel estimation as it uses the correlation (in the time-domain) that exists between the received and the transmitted selective information as a means of detection. In comparison with the ML method, results show that the proposed method offers improved detection performance, particularly when the control information consists of at least 16. However, the implementation of the proposed method requires a slightly increased number of mathematical computations

A low complexity SI sequence estimator for pilot-aided SLM–OFDM systems

Selected mapping (SLM) is a well-known method for reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, as a consequence of implementing SLM, OFDM receivers often require estimation of some side information (SI) in order to achieve successful data recovery. Existing SI estimation schemes have very high computational complexities that put additional constraints on limited resources and increase system complexity. To address this problem, an alternative SLM approach that facilitates estimation of SI in the form of phase detection is presented. Simulations show that this modified SLM approach produces similar PAPR reduction performance when compared to conventional SLM. With no amplifier distortion and in the presence of non-linear power amplifier distortion, the proposed SI estimation approach achieves similar data recovery performance as both standard SLM–OFDM (with perfect SI estimation) and also when SI estimation is implemented through the use of an existing frequency-domain correlation (FDC) decision metric. In addition, the proposed method significantly reduces computational complexity compared with the FDC scheme and an ML estimation scheme

A joint OFDM PAPR reduction and data decoding scheme with no SI estimation

The need for side information (SI) estimation poses a major challenge when selected mapping (SLM) is implemented to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Recent studies on pilot-assisted SI estimation procedures suggest that it is possible to determine the SI without the need for SI transmission. However, SI estimation adds to computational complexity and implementation challenges of practical SLM-OFDM receivers. To address these technical issues, this paper presents the use of a pilot-assisted cluster-based phase modulation and demodulation procedure called embedded coded modulation (ECM). The ECM technique uses a slightly modified SLM approach to reduce PAPR and to enable data recovery with no SI transmission and no SI estimation. In the presence of some non-linear amplifier distortion, it is shown that the ECM method achieves similar data decoding performance as conventional SLM-OFDM receiver that assumed a perfectly known SI and when the SI is estimated using a frequency-domain correlation approach. However, when the number of OFDM subcarriers is small and due to the clustering in ECM, the modified SLM produces a smaller PAPR reduction gain compared with conventional SLM

Morphological, Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of the Soils of Abugi, Nigeria, and their Agricultural Potential

Three soil profiles at Abugi in the flood plains of River Niger, Kogi State, Nigeria were studied. The soils are moderately acidic (PH 4.7 to 6.0) in the suiface horizons. Exchangeable cations are low with the exception of calcium which is moderate and is the dominant exchangeable cation with values ranging from 0.50 to 7.00 cmol(+)/kg of soil. The dominant clay minerals are kaolinite, degraded-mica and quartz, while traces of smectite and feldspar were also detected. Abugi profile one was classified as Eutric Planosol (FAD 1988) or Fluvaquentic Humaquept (Soil Survey Staff 1992) while profiles two and three were both classifzed as Eutric Gleysol (FAD 1988) or Aeric Tropaquept (Soil Survey Staff 1992). The soils of Abugi area offer great potential for rice and sugarcane production if excessive flooding and increasing acidity can be controlled

Selective Control Information Detection in 5G Frame Transmissions

Control signalling information within wireless communication systems facilitates efficient management of limited wireless resources, plays a key role in improving system performance of 5G systems. This chapter focuses detection of one particular form of control information, namely, selective control information (SCI). Maximum-likelihood (ML) is one of the conventional SCI detection techniques. Unfortunately, it requires channel estimation, which introduces some implementation constraints and practical challenges. This chapter uses generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) to evaluate and demonstrate the detection performance of a new form of SCI detection that uses a time-domain correlation (TDC) technique. Unlike the ML scheme, the TDC technique is a form of blind detection that has the capability to improve detection performance with no need for channel estimation. In comparison with the ML based receiver, results show that the TDC technique achieves improved detection performance. In addition, the detection performance of the TDC technique is improved with GFDM receivers that use the minimum mean square error (MMSE) scheme compared with the zero-forcing (ZF) technique. It is also shown that the use of a raised cosine (RC) shaped GFDM transmit filter improves detection performance comparison with filters that employ root raised cosine (RRC) pulse shape

Money Supply, Foreign Exchange Regimes and Economic Growth in Nigeria.

The study empirically examines the effect of money supply, foreign exchange on Nigeria economy, in line with the objectives of this study, secondary data were obtained from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin covering the period of 1988 to 2010. In concluding the analysis, multiple regressions were employed to analyze data on such variables Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Narrow Money, Broad money, exchange rate and interest rate were all found have significant effects on the Economics Growth with the Adjusted R2 of 0.973 showing that about 97.3% variation in the GDP from 1988 to 2010 is due to NARM. Following the outcome of this study, it is therefore concluded that the growth in money supply was attributed to credits extended by the deposit money banks to the private sector. It is order to improve economic growth, it is recommended Nigeria Banks should be committed to the mission of price stability as well as improving the regulatory and supervisory frameworks to secure a strong financial sector for efficient intermediation. Key words; Money supply; CBN; exchange rate; Narrow money; Broad money; Nigerian Economy

An Evaluation of Literacy Level on Human Capital Development in Ogbomoso Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

This study examined an evaluation of literacy level on human capital development in Ogbomoso area of Oyo state, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection from 100 respondents chosen through stratified sampling techniques. In analyzing, regression analysis was used and the results revealed that evaluation of literacy level on human capital development can be influenced by gender, age, household size and marital status. Also, coefficients of the intercept and years of experience were -0.143 and -0.111 respectively. These revealed that variables with negative signs indicate that if efforts were not directed toward stimulation of labour productivity in the study area, labour productivity will definitely fall by 14.3% and 11.1% respectively. The coefficients of educational background, access to training workshop and seminars, workers' use of technology were 0.024, 0.866 and 0.816 respectively. This shows that an increase in the literacy level will increase human capital development. It is against this background that these recommendations were made that, educational policy that will pave ways for human capital development should be embarked upon and, Governments should invest in trainings to boost workers productivity. Moreso, informal and non -formal education should be embraced to increase the level of literacy. Keywords: Literacy, Human Capital Development, Ogbomoso Areas, Nigeria

Financial Globalisation and Domestic Investment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Nigeria

Financial globalisation is hypothetically helpful to a country to the extent that capital inflows augment available domestic savings for investment purposes. This may be impossible where a globalised country finds itself experiencing more capital outflows than inflows. In this study, we identified the factors that determine the level or degree of financial globalisation of a country as the nominal exchange rate, the level of financial development as captured by the level of financial deepening of the financial system and trade. Using the Kaopen (Capital opening index) and average exchange rates measures of financial globalisation the paper found that, for Nigeria, the greater the level of financial globalisation, the more Nigeria experienced capital outflows. Export is particularly positively impactful on capital outflows. Capital outflows have depleted available domestic resources and impacted domestic investment negatively. The paper recommends the greater need for autonomous investment to crowd in other investments by implementing policies that encourage investment in the economy. This situation may not improve until there is a proactive and deliberate action from the government to improve investment, especially of infrastructure,in the econom