FEATURES OF THE INTERNAL PATTERN OF THE DEFECT IN CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

Ideas about the internal defect pattern are studied in this article. The internal pattern of a defect is a set of ideas and feelings of a person about the defect. It is a mechanism of personality development and a factor of adaptation or disadaptation of the personality. Studies of the internal pattern of the defect in modern clinical and special psychology are episodic. In modern studies, attention is paid to a greater extent to the study of the specifics of the emotional, relational component, other components of the internal pattern of the defect are not sufficiently studied. However, they are of great importance for the formation of the internal defect pattern and I-concept as a whole.The analysis of the results of the study of the Self-concept of primary school children with visual impairment is presented in the article. Features of the main components of the internal picture of the defect are presented in the work. Specific features of cognitive, physical, emotional components are established in the course of research. Contradictions are revealed in cognitive and physical components. Two types of emotional response to the defect were found in children: ignoring and compensatory. The motivational sphere of children with severe visual impairment is affected by the defect. The relationship between the specifics of the components of the internal pattern of the defect and the features of the formation of the Self-concept is assumed.

THE IMAGE OF THE PARENT FAMILY OF ADULTS WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES

Тhe article is devoted to the study of the image of the parent family of adults with mental disabilities, as this problem is little studied in modern psychology. Sample: 39 people with mental disorders aged 18 to 47 years. Research method: clinical semi-structured interview and projective methods. The results indicate that the majority of adults with mental disorders were brought up in families: 44% - in a full family, 12% - only with the mother, 3% - in the families of grandparents. Many of them continue to live with their parents and now. Communication in the family is often evaluated positively, memories are associated with parents or other family members. The respondents of this group experienced the death of loved ones. 41% of adults with mental disorders were sent by parents to special boarding schools, while half of them never saw their parents and did not communicate with them, and 14% were familiar with their parents, but had a negative experience with them. They noted generally positive plots, but they extremely seldom were connected with a family. At the same time, negative memories are often associated with the family. Respondents of both groups distinguish not only the positive characteristics of parents, but also note the importance of joint activities. The obtained data can be successfully used as a basis for further study of the relationship of the image of the parent family with the subjective well - being of adults with intellectual disabilities, as well as the development of the main targets of the psychotherapeutic process

Main Adaptation Objectives among Adolescents in Different Internal Disorder Pattern Variants

The problem of social and psychological adaptation remains one of the most important for adolescence. It acquires far greater significance for disabled adolescent individuals whose personal development occurs under hard conditions. Dysontogenesis forms both imply information processing specificities and can determine personal development, I-concept formation, and social adaptation features. Modern Russian and foreign studies mainly focus on the following determinants of disabled people’s social adaptation: personal traits, social living conditions, and the severity of their disorder. In this light, academic research on socio-psychological adaptation determinants among adolescents proves critical. Those are traditionally associated with disorder severity and an individual’s age their disorder occurred. We consider the internal disorder pattern (IDP), which is an integrative formation understood as a complex of sensations, knowledge, experiences, and motivational shifts associated with the disorder, one of the crucial factors for successful adaptation as well. We observe a lack of consistency in the research background of the IDP phenomenon.Our results reveal that one’s disorder awareness, emotional experiences, physical sensations caused by his disorder, and subsequent health limitations may affect their adaptability. We distinguish 4 IDP variants whose components may differ quantitatively as well as in their ratio. Each IDP component has specific relationships with social-psychological adaptation parameters. Most successful adaptation strategies are correlated to low indices in the physical-sensitive IDP component. The results also suggest several hypotheses about possible adaptation and maladaptation mechanisms

Variants of inward disorder pattern among adolescents with different dysontogenesis

Adolescence is one of the key stages of personality development. That of adolescents with disabilities follows a non-disabled pattern. However, the process is affected by dysontogenesis, which is considered a factor that significantly affects personality development. Inward disorder pattern (IDP) is considered a complex integrative construct; a system of one’s sensations, knowledge, emotional experiences, motivation shifts caused by a disorder. IDP is considered a component of I-concept, a factor affecting its development and crucial for an individual’s functioning. Aim of the research: to identify the IDP variants of adolescents with disabilities. The sample consisted of 109 adolescents with disabilities. Their average age is 14.  High indices on one or several IDP components serve to distinguish the IDP variants among adolescents. Each IDP variant is marked by respondents’ specific personal traits and I-concept features. The analysis of the ratio reveals an individual’s general behavioral pattern and attitude to their disorder. We introduce four IDP variants in the adolescent group for the moment: cognitive-emotional (tense), sensitive-cognitive (sensitive-autistic), sensitive-emotional (anxious-hypochondriac), and balanced