Local Government and Intergovernmental Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic

The paper examines local government and intergovernmental relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic, with special attention on the period of 1999 to 2014. The paper argues that Local Government is not mutually exclusive of other levels of government and that as such there is bound to be an interaction between the local and other levels of government. The study reveals that intergovernmental relations among the levels of government in the Fourth Republic up to 2014 were in disarray due to the conflicts over issues of tax jurisdiction, revenue allocation, intergovernmental relations, fund transfers, overconcentration of power at the center, illegal removal of government officials, among other factors. The paper posits that for cordial relationship between the local and other levels of government to take place, the constitutional status of local government must be clearly spelt out,the issue of joint state-local government account should be reversed, election rather than appointment should be the means of choosing leaders at the local level, judiciary should be made to be independent and the undue interference on the local government by the state or federal government has to be properly addressed. Also, there should be direct disbursement of federation allocation to all the levels of government

The Impact of Peri-Urbanisation on Housing Development: Environmental Quality and Residents\u27 Productivity in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos

This paper assesses the impact of peri-urbanisation on housing, environmental quality and residents\u27 socio-demography in Ibeju-Lekki peri-urban in Lagos, Nigeria. Primary data was collected through administration of 370 questionnaires to household heads in purposively selected sixteen settlements in the study area while secondary data was sourced from spatial images, land use maps and satellite images of the study area. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed using time series and satellite image analysis. The result shows a spatial expansion due mainly to increased housing development, a multi-dimensional environmental and socio-cultural challenges that impacts negatively on the quality of living and a literate, high income group dominance in the selected peri-urban settlements in Ibeju-Lekki. The study recommends a creation of a database to capture the pattern of housing development, residents\u27 socio-economic demography and infrastructure needs for intervention in policy design for a sustainable development

Ileal lipoma: a rare lead point for adult ileocolic intussusception

Intussusception is the telescoping of a segment of the gastrointestinal tract within the lumen of an adjacent segment. Adult intussusceptions are rare, with ileal lipoma responsible for only 6% of cases. Clinically, adult intussusception remains an elusive diagnosis. The triad of abdominal pain, vomiting and passage of bloody stool is not frequently seen in adults. Abdominal computed tomography is the gold standard for identifying ileal lipoma as the lead point of an adult intussusception. Definitive management is by surgical excision of the involved segment. This is a case report of a 38-yearold female with intussusception with a 5-cm subserosal ileal lipoma as the lead point. This is the first (to the best of our knowledge) reported case of adult intussusception caused by ileal lipoma in Africa.Keywords: Intussusception, Ileal, Lipoma, Subserosal, Intestinal obstruction, Adul

Social Media in Crisis Management: A study of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Data Driven Marketing, specialization in Marketing IntelligenceThis study explores the role of social media in managing crises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using survey data from 153 adults, it examines how social media was used to share information, shape public perceptions, and support responses to the crisis. The findings reveal that while social media was an effective tool for quickly spreading information, it also contributed to the spread of misinformation, leading to confusion and panic among users. Official channels like WHO and CDC played a critical role in reducing misinformation, but their impact on improving public awareness was limited. The research highlights the challenges of unverified information on social media and emphasizes the importance of clear strategies to manage misinformation. These findings offer practical lessons for governments and organizations to improve crisis communication and use social media more effectively in future emergencies

The Mirage of Interfix or Infix in Yoruba Concatenative Morphology

Yorùbá linguists do not agree on the attestation of infixes in morphological analysis of the language. This is because if one needs to consider and adhere strictly to the definition of infix as a linguistic term, infix has zero occurrence in Yoruba concatenative morphology. Awobuluyi’s recent works, most especially, Awobuluyi (2008), opts for interfixation instead of infixation. This paper understudied the most current works on the topic (Awobuluy 2008 and Taiwo 2011) and concludes that none of the two aforestated affixal morphological operations occur in Yoruba morphological analysis. We, therefore, account for the process through lexical reduplication. The study tries to give reasons for the non-feasibility of the two affixal processes in the language. We adopt the word syntax theory as well as descriptive analysis to expand upon our current position which is novel in the literature of the Yoruba morphological analysis. It is therefore evident from this paper that further and intensive researches need to be done on some established positions in the morphological aspect of the Yoruba language in the hope of assessing the suitability and validity of such positions. Keywords: Infix, Interfix, Concatenative Morphology, Reduplication and Mirag

Examining intergovernmental relations in Nigeria’s Second Republic (1979-1983) and the Fourth Republic (1999-2007): insights from selected states in the South West, Nigeria.

Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.This study is an empirical research work that employed the use of primary and secondary data to interrogate the nature of intergovernmental relations in Nigeria’s Second and Fourth Republics with insights drawn from Osun, Oyo, Ondo, Lagos and Ekiti states in South Western Nigeria. Primary data were collected through a field survey and public documents. Sources of secondary data include texts, journals, newspapers, and other published literature. A hybrid of two models, the overlapping-authority model and the coordinate-authority model, was adopted to analyse the authority structure of different political actors saddled with different constitutional responsibilities. The findings of the study revealed that the central government has more fiscal power for policy direction, than the subnational levels of government. The empirical analysis showed structural imbalance in Nigeria’s federalism, which constituted obstacle to federal stability. In addition, the central government has the prerogative to legislate on matters under the exclusive legislative list, which defines the nature of power relations between the central government and the government of the subnational units. The increase in the number of the subnational units from 19 to 36 states in the 1979 and 1999 constitutions respectively, and the expanded expenditure obligations, weakened the revenue base of the subnational levels of government. The subnational levels, in the Fourth Republic, unlike those of the Second Republic, are less viable. This development weakened their fiscal strength for effective service delivery, because they lacked fiscal resources to fulfil their expenditure obligations. The federal government retains the bulk of government revenue. Additionally, appointments to public offices did not reflect the federal character. Through the exploration of the provisions of the 1979 and 1999 constitutions, there existed discrepancies between the constitutional provisions and their practice. The attitudes and behaviours of the actors at different levels of government were not in tandem with the constitutional provisions, with clear evidence of outright violation of the rule of law. The study, therefore, recommends the need to reassess intergovernmental fiscal relationship, strengthen the mechanisms and institutions for intergovernmental policy coordination, reliance on economic expert for effective service delivery, obedience to law, and maximization of states resources as a way of improving federal-state-local relations

The Basic Analysis of the Morpho-Syntactic Status of the Third Person Singular Subject Pronoun in Standard Yorùbá Language.

Awóbùlúyì (2001) brings a new notion of the zero morphological realization of the first person singular pronoun (ó) in Yorùbá studies. Awóbùlúyì’s (2001:1-8) proposition hereby trigger arguments on the ‘ó’ as the first person singular pronoun subject with different views and submissions from scholars. (see Àkànbí 2004, O̩ládèyí 2003 and Adéwo̩lé 2011). Awóbùlúyì (2001:2) hints that his preposition emerged because ‘ó’ and ‘un’ are not linguistically related. Using clipping and descriptive analysis, this paper has tried to claim that ‘ò’, ‘ó’ ‘ún’, are reductions of ‘òun’ (pronominal) in Yorùbá language. The paper supported Awóbùlúyì (1992) previous position that pronouns are reduction form of pronominals in the language. The study informed that adoption of variants of clipping formative styles such as fore clipping or apocopation clipping cause the different representation of the third person pronouns in Yorùbá  syntax from the following; ‘ó’, ‘ò’, ‘un’. The paper used examples from Ifè̩. Òǹdó and Kétu dialects. Our findings reveal that prosodic assimilation between the third person pronoun or pronominal with the high tone syllable eventually cause ‘o’ ‘ùn’ àwo̩n and wo̩n to transform to ó, ún, wó̩n and àwó̩n as deem fit in each phonetic realization of the third person pronouns and pronominals. The study hereby recommends that the agelong established presentation as of ‘ó’ as the third person singular pronoun should be retained. Therefore, the zero morphological theory is hereby discouraged. Keywords: Fore-clipping, apocopation clipping, Anglo-phone Kétu, pscho-morphological, morphological restrictions.   &nbsp

Effect of Forensic Accounting on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks on Nigeria

The current study was on the effects of forensic accounting on the performance of commercial bank in Nigeria. Fraudulent activities in a commercial bank setting may have a negative effect on the viability, performance, sustainability and reputation of commercials banks.  This study was conducted through explanatory research design which required the analysis of how a set of independent variables affect the dependent variable.  The target populations comprised of all 609 forensic managers, their staff and internal control managers and their staff. For the purpose of this study, sampling frame of 21 commercial banks was taken.  A sample of 61 respondents was used which was spread proportionately across 6stratum. The stratum included Forensic Managers, Forensic Assistant Manager, Internal Audit Manager, Internal Audit assistant manager, forensic staff and internal audit staff. The study used primary data that was collected through self-administered questionnaires. The findings indicated that forensic investigation and forensic litigation was statistically significant in explaining changes in financial performance of commercial banks. The findings of this study were crucial in the formulating study conclusions. However, the study also took into account the expectations of the study. It was possible to conclude from the study findings that forensic investigation and forensic litigation were statistically significant in explaining changes in financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria. It was also possible to conclude that use of forensic financial information influenced and improved performance of commercial banks in Nigeria.  The unique contribution of this paper is that it clearly addresses the effects of forensic accounting on the performance of commercial bank in Nigeria, upon which majority of commercial banks in a developing economy ought to adapt to mitigate financial irregularities. Key Words: Forensic Accounting, financial performance, financial informatio

Typological analysis of housing development in lagos peri-urban settlements

The research examined the typological analysis of housing development in the peri-urban settlements of Lagos State, Nigeria. Case study methodology was adopted using random sampling to select housing developments, under different housing initiatives, in purposively selected peri-urban settlements in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Areas of Lagos State. Primary data were sourced from survey questionnaires, direct observations and in-depth interviews administered to household heads in the case study area. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics to generate frequencies, percentages, cross tabulations of the variables. Findings show different housing typologies under three categories; owneroccupied,part-rental and full-rental housing. Housing typologies in the study area were influenced by different housing initiatives, and the socio-economic attributes of the residents which revealed a heterogeneous mix of the population in terms of culture, literacy level and household size. It is recommended that the residents' socio-demography should be put into consideration in building typology designs to enhance effective user performance in periurban housing development under different housing development schemes in Lagos State.Keywords: Peri-urban; housing typology; architecture; socio-demography; housing initiative

Assessment of housing quality in Ibeju-Lekki peri-urban settlement, Lagos State, Nigeria

This article assesses housing quality in Ibeju-Lekki, a peripheral settlement outside Lagos metropolitan region. Using purposive sampling, 370 housing units from clusters of 16 peri-urban settlements constituted the sample size. Primary data was sourced through structured questionnaires, interview (with local planning personnel) and observation schedules adminis-tered through a field survey. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, data analysis was done using descriptive analysis to generate frequen cies and percentages on socio-economic profile, neighbourhood quality, locational quality, dwelling quality, and building materials used. Tests of correlation were conducted on the mean of variables of neighbourhood quality, locational quality and building materials, derived through recoding of variables by means of Transform statistical tool, to establish the factors influencing housing quality in the study area. The findings show a significant positive correlation between household income and housing quality. The latter is found to be influenced by respondents’ socio-economic attributes, building materials, neighbourhood quality, and locational quality in the study area. It can be concluded that socio-economic characteristics, predominantly income of households, play a major role in the level of housing quality that can be accessed in the study area. It is, therefore, recommended that the state government and private developers should promote alternative building materials, in order to enhance housing affordability by the low-income group. This will reduce the spread of informal housing development. In addition, the state govern ment should align urban policy to eliminate disparity in infrastructural development which has impacted on poor neighbourhood and locational quality in Lagos peri-urban settlements.&nbsp