BUS RAPID TRANSIT AND THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORTATION IN METROPOLITAN KANO, NIGERIA

Kano metropolitan area is witnessing increasing population growth with transportation problems that has continued to pose serious mobility crisis of ever-increasing congestions on her roads. With growing inadequacy of public transport services, benefits of efficient planning for sustainable transportation system for a city like Kano cannot be overemphasized. This research assessed the likely challenges and opportunities of proposed Bus Rapid Transit Operations in Kano Metropolis. Through quantitative data survey and analysis, the study revealed that Kano metropolis public transport are commonly used by the low-income city residents and often fall short of demands. Although, the Kano State Road Traffic Agency (KAROTA) has been managing traffic problems in the metropolis, introducing BRT can further accelerate successful realization of the goals of 21st urban transport services that can become model for similar cities in Nigeria and beyond. Even though Kano is ancient city, it is anticipated that there would be little challenges in the introduction, building and operations of the proposed BRT in regards to structural construction and similar road expansion exercise. Generally low-income level of the city residents and the equallylow revenue base of the state are also issues that, although, important but, can hardly derail the present and future prospects of the project. We concluded that, just as the pre-colonial Trans-Sahara trades and the 20th century north-south movements were aided by camels and trains for the city of Kano, this same ancient city is yet on the verge of receiving another veritable impetus of urban and regional economic development in this 21st century of urbanization through the BRT

Assessment and biological treatment of effluent from textile industry

The assessment of effluent generated from international textile industry (Nig) Ltd. Odongunyan Industrial Estate Ikorodu Lagos was carried out. The effluent was analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solid (TS), suspended solid (SS), dissolved solid (DS), odour and colour intensity prior to biological treatment with mixed culture of Aspergillus  niger and Aspergillus wentil. The product of biological treatment was analyzed after 5 days of treatment. The result revealed that the effluent was initially of high BOD, COD, TS, DS, SS and colour intensity. The method used in this work has significantly reduced COD to well below 250 mg/l and BOD < 30 mg/l, TSS < 30 mg/l which are the upper limit for disposal into surface water. The result indicates remarkable overall COD reduction from 800 mg/l to 200 mg/l (75%), BOD (97.3%) from 750 mg/l to 20 mg/l and bioremediation of TSS < 30 mg/l (99.5%), DS (99.6%) and SS (99.3%).Key words: Textile industrial effluent, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus wentil

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT, ITS ADAPTATION MEASURES ON FISHERMEN LIVELIHOOD STATUS IN COASTAL AREA OF SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

Climate change effect and adaptation measure on the livelihood deeds of artisanal Fishermen was carried out within the coastal areas of Southwest Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 263 fishermen from Lagos, Ogun and Ondo States. Information obtained was with the use of structured interviewed schedule and subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Findings shows that majority (65.4%) of the Fishermen were between 45-64 years of age, 77.9% married, 67.7% had above 11 years of fishing experience across the Coastal area of Southwest, Nigeria. Also, 22.4% of Fishermen in the coastal area have access to extension services while 22.4% of them only had access to extension services. Major livelihood activities were fishing gathering (95.1%), fish processing (91.6%) and fish marketing (81.7%) in the selected area. the main effect of climate change on the fishermen activities were flooding (x̄= 2.43), while increased waves were (x̄ = 2.24), ocean surge (x̄ =2.23), rainfall intensity (x̄ = 2.07) and high temperature (x̄ = 2.06) respectively across the selected states respectively. Majority of the artisanal Fisherfolk utilized different adaptation measures/practices towards climate change. There were significant relationship (p < 0.05) between the respondent sex (c2 = 19.342, df = 1), educational level (c2 = 11.242, df = 4), ethnicity (c2 = 10.523) and climate change effect on livelihood deeds of artisanal Fishermen across selected states. Correlation result also reveals significant relationship (p < 0.05) between age (r = 0.872), household size (r = 0.653), years of fishing experience (r = 0.815) and the climate change effect on livelihood activities of artisanal Fishermen across selected States, Results also showed that there is significant difference in the effect of climate change on livelihood of artisanal Fishermen (F = 16.325; P = 0.001) across the selected states. The study realized that Artisanal Fishermen sampled experienced high effect of climate change in term of flooding, increased waves, ocean surges, rainfall intensity and high temperature across the selected States sampled. The study recommended that Artisanal Fishermen should be participating in policy and strategy formulation in mitigate climate change impacts on their fishing and livelihood activities so as to reduce the vulnerability of the effects caused by climate change in the coastal areas. Keywords: Artisanal, Climate change, Coastal communities, Fishermen, Livelihood activities, Southwest. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/14-12-07 Publication date:September 30th 2023

Analysis of Voltage Collapse in a Power System Using Voltage Stability Indices

Voltage collapse phenomenon and its incessant occurrence in a modern power system has of recent been a great concern to power system utilities. The aftermath of which could be very devastating and detrimental to the optimum operation of a power system. Thus, it becomes imperative to identify the most vulnerable bus to voltage collapse by power system operator to prevent outages and blackout that may result. Presented in this paper are techniques based on the use of voltage stability index (L-index) and voltage collapse proximity index (VCPI) to identify a voltage collapse bus. First, the basecase values of the L-index and VCPI for all the load nodes are evaluated. The system is then subjected to a gradual reactive power load change to determine the voltage collapse bus. The bus with the maximum value of L-index and VCPI is taken as the critical bus liable to voltage collapse. The effectiveness of the methodology is tested on the Southern Indian 10-bus and IEEE 14 bus power systems. Result obtained shows that the use of the techniques of L-index and VCPI in the identification of critical node in a power system could be of great benefit to the power system operation and planning. Keywords: Voltage stability, Voltage collapse, L-Index, VCPI, power flow, power syste

MICROSPORA INFILTRATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL EPITHELIUM AMONG HIV/AIDS PATIENTS IN KEFFI, NIGERIA

The infiltration of Microsporidium species in HIV/AIDS patients was subjected to parasitological examination of stool specimens at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi. Of the total number 200/93 (46.50%) were positive for Microsporidium species. Giemsa method was used and High infection rate was observed in both sexes (50.00%) and Civil servants (50.00%) were most vulnerable to microsporidium infection. The species, Enterocyto zoonbieneusi and Encephalito zoonintestinalis (21.50%) got infiltrated in the gastrointestinalepithelium of of HIV/AIDS patients with a significant association of microsporidium and HIV virus (χ2 = 3.288 < 7.815, df = 3). However, diarrhoea was frequent in the ages of 21 and 40 years (3 – 10 times bowel/ day). This condition was considered a significant cause of death and accelerates the patient’s illness with dehydration and emaciation seen among patients. This calls for strict hygienic conditions to avoid infection with microsporidia spores contaminated in water or foo

Alternative method for the identification of critical nodes leading to voltage instability in a power system

Abstract: Introduction of new operation enhancement technologies plus increasing application of power electronics coupled with the continuous increase in load demand has increased the risk of power networks to voltage instability and susceptibility to voltage collapse. This frequent occurrence of voltage collapse in modern power system has been a growing concern to power system utilities. This paper proposes alternative techniques for the identification of critical nodes that are liable to voltage instability in a power system. The first method is based on the critical mode corresponding to the smallest eigenvalues, while the second technique is based on the centrality measure to identify the influential node of the networks. The eigenvector centrality measure is formulated from the response matrices of both the load and generator nodes of the networks. The effectiveness of the suggested approaches is tested using the IEEE 30 bus and the Southern Indian 10 bus power networks. The results are compared to the techniques based on the traditional power flow. The whole procedure of the results involved in the identification of critical nodes through the proposed methods is totally non-iterative and thereby save time and require less computational burden