Resource Management in Multi-hop Mobile Small Cell Networks

—The deployment of mobile small cells has been identified as an effective strategy in delivering high data rates and providing seamless connectivity to a group of vehicular users. Although this approach can facilitate high data rates and ubiquitous wireless access, it introduces a new set of challenges, for instance, frequent changes in the interference set, requirements for more spectrum, high energy consumption and frequent handover. In this paper, we present a multi-hop mobile small cell network (SCN) that can facilitate wireless access to mobile nodes that do have direct transmission links to small cell base stations. We then formulate a solution to the frequency allocation problem for a multi-hop mobile SCN based on an optimization model. Considering the complexity of the optimization solution, we present a backhaul-aware frequency allocation solution based on the time-varying graph coloring concept. Simulation results confirm that the proposed solution outperforms an existing greedy solution by a significant margin in terms of throughput, spectral efficiency and fairness inde

Teaching workload in 21st century higher education learning setting

A standard equation on teaching workload calculation in the previous academic setting only includes the contact hours with students through lecture, tutorial, laboratory and in-person consultation (i.e. one-to-one final year project consultation). This paper discusses teaching workload factors according to the current higher-education setting. Devising a teaching workload equation that includes all teaching and learning strategies in the 21st century higher education learning setting is needed. This is indeed a challenging task for the academic administrators to scrutinize every single parameter that accounted for teaching and learning. In this work, we have discussed the parameters which are significant in teaching workload calculation. For instance, the conventional in-person contact with the students, type of delivery, type of assessment, the preparation of materials for flipped classroom as well as MOOC, to name a few. Teaching workload also affects quality teaching and from the academic perception, the higher workload means lower-quality teaching

Teaching Workload in 21st Century Higher Education Learning Setting

A standard equation on teaching workload calculation in the previous setting only includes the contact hours with students through lecture, tutorial, laboratory and face to face consultation. This paper discusses teaching workload factors according to the current higher education setting. Devising a teaching workload equation that includes all teaching and learning 21 51 strategies in century higher education learning setting is needed. Teaching workload also affects quality teaching as the higher workload means a lower quality teaching

Electromagnetic Radiation from Mobile Phone near Ear-skull Region

Mobile phones produce radio frequency signal that is transferred as Electromagnetic radiation (EMR). EMR has the ability to penetrate through semi solid substances especially human body's tissues and caused dielectric heating. This effect can be classified as thermal and non thermal radiation. The skin near ear skull region is very thin compare to other part of human body. When using mobile phone for a longer period of time, this area absorbs EMR easily that can affects human immune systems. This effect resulted the increased of temperature near the ear skull region. Experimental study was conducted by using a volunteer to examine the effect of EMR produced by two different mobile phones with serving frequency of 900MHz and 1800MHz. This study was done in a laboratory for average of 45 minutes of talking time. Data is collected every 5 minutes using thermal imaging camera and thermal couples' probes. It is shown that temperature near the ear-skull region increased rapidly at the average of 2–4°C differences compare to before the used of mobile phone. When using adds in tools, the temperature rose more gradually and minimally. It is proven that the EMR would not cause any adverse effect towards human health such as cancer or tumor

Analytical Queue Modeling for Network-on-Chip Router

Routers are important modules in any Networks- on-Chip (NoC)-based design. In order to achieve an satisfactory performance, routers must be designed to match network inter- module traffic. One of the most important methods to accomplish this matching is to improve the throughput and minimize the packet loss and router delay. An early approximation of the router delay is essentially required to aid designers to determine the system timing constrains at the higher levels of abstraction. This paper presents an analytical queue model for NoC routers. Furthermore, it explains how this model can be employed to study the consequence of changing the output traffic and queue size on the router in term of throughput, efficiency, packet loss probability and waiting time. The proposed model implemented a simple M/M/1/B markov chain as queuing model

Mobile small cell networks for next generation wireless communication systems

In recent years, the demand for higher data rates in wireless communication networks is escalating due to widespread penetration of portable smart devices and increasing popularity of multimedia services. As these devices and applications proliferate, data traffic volume is expected to reach 11 exabytes per month in 2017, which is beyond the current fourth generation (4G) cellular system architecture\u27s capacity, particularly when spectrum and energy efficiency, coverage and interference issues are considered. The next generation of wireless communication technology, commonly known as the fifth generation (5G) system, aims to overcome the limitations of the 4G systems. 5G systems will be formally standardised in 2018, but the early indication suggests that heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and small cell networks (SCNs) are going to be big parts of 5G systems, particularly in facilitating massive data traffic and ubiquitous connectivity for users. In HetNets, small cells of different sizes are integrated into an existing macrocell network, which helps to overcome limited spectrum and power efficiency issues. Researchers have been actively looking for solutions to further improve small cell network technology, and numerous solutions are presented in the literature. However, most of these studies focus on fixed small cell networks, which are suitable only for static users, and to support mobile users, mobile small cells are required. Mobile small cells are expected to be a key technological advancement in 5G networks, specifically to serve mobile users in vehicular environments. This thesis focuses on research challenges related to mobile small cell networks, and presents solutions for overcoming poor spectrum and energy efficiency issues. An analytical model for resource management in 5G HetNets to mitigate interference among mobile small cells with deterministic mobility (e.g., public bus/train), is also presented in this thesis. First, the analytical model in this work is modelled as a classical optimisation problem, and considering the time complexity of a classical optimisation solution, a heuristic graph colouring solution is then presented. Next, the model is extended for mobile small cells with random mobility. In addition, an optimisation and meta-heuristic solution is presented to cater for the need of mobile users moving at pedestrian speeds. The ultimate benefits of these proposed solutions include better spectrum and energy efficiency and improved data rates