Nobiletin ameliorates streptozotocin induced diabetic retinopathy in experimental rats

Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus results in severe vascular complications leading to decrease in longevity of affected individuals. Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness in diabetes. Nobiletin is a polymethoxyflavone present in high concentration in citrus fruits. Here we have evaluated the treatment with nobiletin on the amelioration of diabetic retinopathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of STZ (50 mg/kg). Animals with blood glucose levels >350mg/dL after 48 hours of STZ injection were subjected to further treatments. Diabetic rats were treated daily with nobiletin (10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg) for four weeks after four weeks of induction of diabetes. At the end of eight weeks, blood retinal barrier permeability was quantified in animals treated with nobiletin and compared with that of vehicle control. Histopathological analysis of the retinal sections was done using H&E stain and the outer limiting membrane to inner limiting membrane distance was measured. Further, outer nuclear membrane thickness was compared between the treatment groups. The study suggested that nobiletin reduced blood retinal barrier permeability and improved the thickness of retinal layers. Thus, treatment with nobiletin can be used as an approach to ameliorate diabetic retinopathy

Matrix metalloproteinases in diabesity

Diabesity, the Obesity-Diabetes Epidemic, is one of the major global health problems. Complications associated with it resulted in serious complications and need urgent attention for new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, evidence supporting role of Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in development of diabesity associated complications are increased. Due to their role in diabesity associated complications they may be potential therapeutic targets

Evaluation of Pharmacodynamic interaction between Tinospora Cordifolia Alcoholic extract and Gliclazide : An herb-drug interaction study

Many diabetic people today consume herbs or herbal formulations along with prescription and non-prescription medications which may result in the herb-drug interaction Tinospora Cordifolia, with berberine being one of the most abundant active phytoconstituent widely used as an antidiabetic While Gliclazide is indicated to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus whichacts asan insulin secretagogue .T. Cordifolia is a potent inhibitor of CYP2C9 and Gliclazide is known to be metabolized by this enzyme. Potential Pharmacodynamic herb drug interaction might be possible in case of co administration of both. The pharmacodynamic interaction between TCE and Gliclazide was evaluated on hypoglycemic activity in normal and streptozotocinnicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. The study was conducted in 2 parts viz. acute study and sub-acute study in both normal and diabetic animals. The serum triglyceride level and histopathology of pancreawas performed to assess effect on glucose metabolism and pancreas.FTIR Analysis was also carried out to evaluate the interaction between functional groups. The combination showed pharmacodynamic interaction as reduction the time of onset of action and increasing the duration of action of gliclazide when administered in combination with T. cardiofolia. In FTIR studies of combination showed no physical interaction betweenfunctional groups suggesting both drugs might be acting on the different receptors. The study concludes that the combination of Gliclazide with TCE showed an increase in the hypoglycemic effect as compared to the gliclazide alone in STZ-NIC induced diabetic rats. This might be utilized clinically as a beneficial drug interaction in patients after thorough investigations in clinical studie

Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy by orange peel extract in rats

<div><p>This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of alcoholic orange peel extract (OPE) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, treatment with OPE (100 and 200<b> </b>mg/kg) was further given for 4 weeks. Treatment with OPE 200 improved renal functions and significantly prevented the increase in creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen levels. Histological analysis of the kidneys revealed that tubulointerstitial fibrosis index was significantly decreased in OPE 200-treated group. The results indicated the prevention of diabetic nephropathy in rats by OPE treatment and suggest OPE as a potential treatment option.</p></div

Impact of pre-exposure of tail suspension on behavioural parameters like locomotion, exploration, and anxiety in mice

732-738The tail suspension test (TST) is a valid tool for assessing antidepressant activity. Association between depression and lower locomotion and exploration activities is also reported. In the present study, photoactometer, hole board and elevated plus maze tests were performed to evaluate locomotion, exploration and anxiety activities on animals of first and second set, however animals of second set were pre-exposed to TST. The comparison between these two sets will help in understanding the impact of pre-exposure to TST on behavioural parameters. In both sets, swiss albino mice were treated with caffeine (10 mg/kg, ip), bupropion (10 mg/kg, ip), duloxetine (10 mg/kg, ip), nicotine (0.8 mg/kg, sc) and normal saline. Control group of second set showed significant decrease in locomotion, exploration and increase in anxiety when compared against control group of first set. In second set, duloxetine, bupropion, and nicotine treated groups showed significant increase in locomotion when compared against control group of same set. Overall, pre-exposure to TST leads to significant decrease in locomotion, exploration activities and increase in anxiety level. Further studies demonstrating it’s time bound impact on brain monoamine levels with correlation to behavioural paradigms may help to validate these outcomes. </span