Biochemical changes in the patient’s plasma after red blood cell transfusion

Introduction. The study aimed at in vivo assessment of the impact of administered red blood cells (RBCs) concentrates on the plasma levels of K+, lactate, pH, Na+, Ca++ and glucose, depending on the volume and age of administered products. Biochemical changes occurring during the storage of these products were studied in vitro simultaneously. Materials and methods. Arterial blood samples were collected in vivo from patients before and after RBCs transfusion and plasma levels of biochemical parameters were determined. A group of 80 RBCs samples was analyzed simultaneously, with the samples being equally distributed throughout the recommended storage time of 1–35 days. Results. The age of RBCs concentrate results in increased potassium and lactate levels and decreased pH, sodium and glucose levels in the RBCs samples. The concentrations were in the following ranges: potassium 4.0–40.5 mmol/L; lactate 4.1–28.0 mmol/L; pH 7.0–6.65; sodium 137–116 mmol/L; glucose 29.0–14.0 mmol/L. A prospectively selected group of 46 patients were administered a total of 354 RBCs units. The mean age of RBCs concentrates was 16.18 days. The number of administered RBCs units ranged from 2 to 38, a mean of 7.7 RBCs units/patient. The administration of 1 RBCs unit was associated with a mean in vivo increase of the potassium level by 0.07 mmol/L and lactate level by 0.13 mmol/L. Conclusion. The administration of larger amounts of RBCs concentrates may lead to an increase in the patient’s plasma levels of potassium and lactate. This increase is proportional to the age and volume of RBCs

Zarządzanie procesami rynkowymi

Ze wstępu: "Opracowanie niniejsze przekazywane do rąk czytelników to plon działalności naukowej pracowników Wydziału Zarządzania i Marketingu Krakowskiej Szkoły Wyższej im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego oraz pracowników innych uczelni z Polski i Europy. Duże zróżnicowanie tematyczne wynika m. in. z rozwoju Uczelni, Wydziału i poszerzenia współpracy krajowej i międzynarodowej z innymi jednostkami naukowymi. Pomimo tego, iż wiele artykułów ze względu na podejmowane w nich problemy trudno jednoznacznie zakwalifikować do jednej wąskiej dziedziny, zdecydowano o podziale materiału na trzy części: zarządzanie, finanse i marketing. O zakwalifikowaniu opracowania do poszczególnych części zadecydowała nie tylko istota rozważanego tematu, ale także często bardzo interesujące i odkrywcze powiązania z innymi dziedzinami szeroko pojętego zarządzania i ekonomii. Stąd też publikacja jest recenzowana przez trzech niezależnych recenzentów."(...

Monitorovani nervosvaloveho prenosu v anesteziologii. Automatizace davkovani kurarimimetik.

The developed system for automatic delivery of neuromuscular blocker (RelaxA) comprised a general-purpose IBM-compatible computer (PC) interfaced to a Datex AS/3TM NMT monitor and a Graseby Medical 3400 infusion pump. The Datex AS/3TM was used to measure NMT every 20 sec while the PC was programmed to instruct the infusion pump to administer an atracurium infusion to maintain stable neuromuscular block (target level=10% of baseline). The system achieved stable control of neuromuscular block in 80 patients with a mean T1 error of -0,43%(SD 0.36%) accommodating a range in mean infusion rate of 0,11-0,46 mg.kg-1.hod-1. Precision of the regulation was far beyond that which was clinically required. The system RelaxA maintained stable level of neuromuscular block throughout long surgical operations. Although it is able to manage this task without user intervention, its role must be considered complementary. It must not be a substitution for a continuous presence of the anesthetist in the operation theatre.Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi