5,901 research outputs found
Bayesian Optimization with Unknown Constraints
Recent work on Bayesian optimization has shown its effectiveness in global
optimization of difficult black-box objective functions. Many real-world
optimization problems of interest also have constraints which are unknown a
priori. In this paper, we study Bayesian optimization for constrained problems
in the general case that noise may be present in the constraint functions, and
the objective and constraints may be evaluated independently. We provide
motivating practical examples, and present a general framework to solve such
problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on optimizing the
performance of online latent Dirichlet allocation subject to topic sparsity
constraints, tuning a neural network given test-time memory constraints, and
optimizing Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to achieve maximal effectiveness in a fixed
time, subject to passing standard convergence diagnostics.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Poincare duality for K-theory of equivariant complex projective spaces
We make explicit Poincare duality for the equivariant K-theory of equivariant complex projective spaces. The case of the trivial group provides a new approach to the K-theory orientation
Signature of surface anisotropy in the spin-flip neutron scattering cross section of spherical nanoparticles: atomistic simulations and analytical theory
We investigate the signature of magnetic surface anisotropy in nanoparticles
in their spin-flip neutron scattering cross section. Taking into account the
isotropic exchange interaction, an external magnetic field, a uniaxial or cubic
magnetic anisotropy for the particle's core, and several models for the surface
anisotropy (N\'eel, conventional, random), we compute the spin-flip small-angle
neutron scattering (SANS) cross section from the equilibrium spin structures
obtained using the Landau-Lifshitz equation. The sign of the surface anisotropy
constant, which is related to the appearance of tangential- or radial-like spin
textures, can be distinguished from the momentum-transfer dependence of the
spin-flip signal. The data cannot be described by the well-known and often-used
analytical expressions for uniformly magnetized spherical or core-shell
particles, in particular at remanence or at the coercive field. Based on a
second-order polynomial expansion for the magnetization vector field, we
develop a novel minimal model for the azimuthally-averaged magnetic SANS cross
section. The theoretical expression considers a general magnetization
inhomogeneity and is not restricted to the presence of surface anisotropy. It
is shown that the model describes very well our simulation data as well as more
complex spin patterns such as vortex-like structures. Only seven expansion
coefficients and some basis functions are sufficient to describe the scattering
behavior of a very large number of atomic spins.Comment: 40 pages, 15 figure
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Just Below South: Intercultural Performance in the Caribbean and the U.S. South
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Fundamentals of Focused Ion Beam Nanostructural Processing: Below, At, and Above the Surface
This article considers the fundamentals of what happens in a solid when it is impacted by a medium-energy gallium ion. The study of the ion/sample interaction at
the nanometer scale is applicable to most focused ion beam (FIB)–based work even if
the FIB/sample interaction is only a step in the process, for example, micromachining or microelectronics device processing.Whereas the objective in other articles in this issue is to use the FIB tool to characterize a material or to machine a device or transmission electron microscopy sample, the goal of the FIB in this article is to have the FIB/sample interaction itself become the product.To that end, the FIB/sample interaction is
considered in three categories according to geometry:below, at, and above the surface. First, the FIB ions can penetrate the top atom layer(s) and interact below the surface. Ion implantation and ion damage on flat surfaces have been comprehensively examined; however, FIB applications require the further investigation of high doses in three-dimensional profiles.Second, the ions can interact at the surface, where a morphological instability can lead to ripples and surface self-organization, which can depend on boundary conditions for site-specific and compound FIB processing. Third, the FIB may interact above the surface (and/or produce secondary particles that
interact above the surface).Such ion beam–assisted deposition, FIB–CVD (chemical vapor deposition), offers an elaborate complexity in three dimensions with an FIB using a gas injection system. At the nanometer scale, these three regimes—below, at, and above the surface—can require an interdependent understanding to be judiciously controlled by the FIB.Engineering and Applied Science
The promise and peril of genomic screening in the general population
Utilization of sequencing to screen the general population for preventable monogenic conditions is receiving substantial attention due to its potential to decrease morbidity and mortality. However, the selection of which variants to return is a serious implementation challenge. Procedures must be investigated to ensure optimal test characteristics and avoidance of harm from false positive test results
A Combined Experimental and Analytical Modeling Approach to Understanding Friction Stir Welding
In the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process a rotating pin tool joins the sides of a seam by stirring them together. This solid state welding process avoids problems with melting and hot-shortness presented by some difficult-to weld high-performance light alloys. The details of the plastic flow during the process are not well understood and are currently a subject of research. Two candidate models of the FSW process, the Mixed Zone (MZ) and the Single Slip Surface (S3) model are presented and their predictions compared to experimental data
Political economics, collective action and wicked socio-ecological problems: A practice story from the field
Empowering integrative, sustainable and equitable approaches to wicked socio-ecological problems requires multiple disciplines and ways of knowing. Following calls for greater attention to political economics in this transdisciplinary work, we offer a practitioner perspective on political economy and collective action and their influences on our community engagement practice and public policy. Our perspective is grounded in a pervasive wicked problem in Australia, invasive rabbits, and the emergence of the Victorian Rabbit Action Network. The network grew out of a publically funded research project to support community-led action in rabbit management. Victorian residents and workers affected by rabbits – public and private land managers, scientists, government officers and others – were invited to engage in a participatory planning process to generate sustainable strategies to address the rabbit problem. Each stage in the process, which involved interviews, a workshop and consultations, was designed to nurture the critical enquiry, listening and learning skills of participants, advance understandings of the problem from multiple perspectives, generate collective options to guide decision-making, and encourage community-led collective action. We reflect on our understanding of these processes using the language and lens of political economics and, in particular, the context of democratic professionalism. In so doing, we define terms and refer to information resources that have enabled us to bring a practical working knowledge of political economics to our professional practice. Our intent is to motivate academics, community members, government officials, and scientists alike, to draw on their knowledge and field experiences and to share practice stories through the lens of political economics and collective action. This is an opportunity to engage each other in small ‘p’ politics of how we understand and act on wicked problems, to negotiate and connect across disciplines, practical experiences and human difference, so that people may work more creatively and effectively together to address the challenging issues of our time.
 
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