Déterminants de l’Utilisation de la Contraception par les Femmes en Union dans le District Sanitaire de Guédiawaye, Sénégal

Objectif : Etudier les déterminants de l’utilisation de la contraception par les femmes en âge de procréation en union dans le district sanitaire de Guédiawaye. Méthodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive, analytique portant sur 600 femmes en âge de procréer (15 à 49 ans) en union qui s’était déroulée du 5 au 20 Décembre 2016. Les données recueillies ont été analysées avec le logiciel Epi info L’analyse des facteurs associés à l’utilisation de la contraception a été réalisée à l’aide du test statistique de chi Carré au seuil de significativité de 5%. Résultats : L’âge moyen des enquêtées était de 32,38 ans (±6,1) ; 39,3% avaient un niveau d’études secondaires et 67,2% exerçaient des activités génératrices de revenus. La prévalence contraceptive était 46,2% et parmi celles qui utilisaient la contraception, 35,7% étaient sous la méthode injectable. Les enquêtées appartenaient à une organisation sociale dans 61 % de cas et 56,7% de leurs conjoints approuvaient la PF. Les facteurs liés à l’utilisation de la contraception étaient : l’appartenance à une organisation sociale (P<0,05), l’approbation de la planification familiale par les conjoints (P<0,05) et la discussion sur la PF au sein du ménage (p<0,05). Conclusion : L’implication des conjoints à travers des séances de sensibilisations et l’utilisation des méthodes de longue durée d’action (Implant, dispositif Intra Utérin) contribueraient à rendre efficace la planification familiale.   Objective: To study the determinants of contraceptive use by women of childbearing age in union in the Guédiawaye health district. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study of 600 women of childbearing age (15 to 49 years old) in union which took place from December 5 to 20, 2016. The data collected was analyzed with the Epi info software. The analysis of the factors associated with the use of contraception was carried out using the statistical test of chi square at the significance level of 5%. Results: The average age of the respondents was 32.38 years (±6.1); 39.3% had a secondary education level and 67.2% engaged in income generating activities. The contraceptive prevalence was 46.2% and among those who used contraception, 35.7% were under the injectable method. Respondents belonged to a social organization in 61% of cases and 56.7% of their spouses approved of FP. Factors related to contraceptive use were: membership in a social organization (P<0.05), spousal approval of family planning (P<0.05), and discussion of FP within the household (p<0.05).  Conclusion: The involvement of spouses through awareness sessions and the use of long-acting methods (implant, intrauterine device) would help to make family planning effective

Etude des Déterminants de l’Utilisation de la Contraception chez Femmes en Âge de Reproduction en Union dans le District Sanitaire de Guédiawaye, Sénégal

Objectif : Etudier les déterminants de l’utilisation de la contraception chez les femmes en âge de reproduction en union dans le district sanitaire de Guediawaye. Méthodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive, analytique portant sur 600 femmes en âge de reproduction (15 à 49 ans) en union qui s’était déroulée du 5 au 20 Décembre 2016. Les données recueillies ont été analysées avec le logiciel Epi info L’analyse des facteurs associés à l’utilisation de la contraception a été réalisée à l’aide du test statistique de chi Carré au seuil de significativité de 5%. Résultats : L’âge moyen des enquêtées était de 32,38 ans (±6,1) ; 78,2% étaient instruites et 67,2% exerçaient des activités génératrices de revenus. La prévalence contraceptive était 46,2% et parmi celles qui utilisaient la contraception, 35,7% étaient sous la méthode injectable. Les enquêtées appartenaient à une organisation sociale dans 61 % de cas et 56,7% de leurs conjoints approuvaient la PF. Les facteurs liés à l’utilisation de la contraception étaient : l’appartenance à une organisation sociale (P<0,05), l’approbation de la planification familiale par les conjoints (P<0,05) et la discussion sur la PF au sein du ménage (p<0,05). Conclusion : L’implication des conjoints à travers des séances de sensibilisations et l’utilisation des méthodes de longue durée d’action contribueraient à rendre efficace la planification familiale.               Objective: To study the determinants of the use of contraception among women of reproductive age in union in the health district of Guediawaye. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study of 600 women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) in union which took place from December 5 to 20, 2016. The data collected was analyzed with the Epi info software The analysis of the factors associated with the use of contraception was carried out using the statistical test of chi square at the significance level of 5%. Results: The average age of the respondents was 32.38 years (±6.1); 78.2% were educated and 67.2% engaged in income generating activities. The contraceptive prevalence was 46.2% and among those who used contraception, 35.7% were under the injectable method. Respondents belonged to a social organization in 61% of cases and 56.7% of their spouses approved of FP. Factors related to contraceptive use were: membership in a social organization (P<0.05), spousal approval of family planning (P<0.05), and discussion of FP within the household (p<0.05). Conclusion: The involvement of spouses through awareness sessions and the use of long-acting methods would help to make family planning effective

Etude des Déterminants de l’Utilisation de la Contraception chez Femmes en Âge de Reproduction en Union dans le District Sanitaire de Guédiawaye, Sénégal

Objectif : Etudier les déterminants de l’utilisation de la contraception chez les femmes en âge de reproduction en union dans le district sanitaire de Guediawaye. Méthodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive, analytique portant sur 600 femmes en âge de reproduction (15 à 49 ans) en union qui s’était déroulée du 5 au 20 Décembre 2016. Les données recueillies ont été analysées avec le logiciel Epi info L’analyse des facteurs associés à l’utilisation de la contraception a été réalisée à l’aide du test statistique de chi Carré au seuil de significativité de 5%. Résultats : L’âge moyen des enquêtées était de 32,38 ans (±6,1) ; 78,2% étaient instruites et 67,2% exerçaient des activités génératrices de revenus. La prévalence contraceptive était 46,2% et parmi celles qui utilisaient la contraception, 35,7% étaient sous la méthode injectable. Les enquêtées appartenaient à une organisation sociale dans 61 % de cas et 56,7% de leurs conjoints approuvaient la PF. Les facteurs liés à l’utilisation de la contraception étaient : l’appartenance à une organisation sociale (P<0,05), l’approbation de la planification familiale par les conjoints (P<0,05) et la discussion sur la PF au sein du ménage (p<0,05). Conclusion : L’implication des conjoints à travers des séances de sensibilisations et l’utilisation des méthodes de longue durée d’action contribueraient à rendre efficace la planification familiale.               Objective: To study the determinants of the use of contraception among women of reproductive age in union in the health district of Guediawaye. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study of 600 women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) in union which took place from December 5 to 20, 2016. The data collected was analyzed with the Epi info software The analysis of the factors associated with the use of contraception was carried out using the statistical test of chi square at the significance level of 5%. Results: The average age of the respondents was 32.38 years (±6.1); 78.2% were educated and 67.2% engaged in income generating activities. The contraceptive prevalence was 46.2% and among those who used contraception, 35.7% were under the injectable method. Respondents belonged to a social organization in 61% of cases and 56.7% of their spouses approved of FP. Factors related to contraceptive use were: membership in a social organization (P<0.05), spousal approval of family planning (P<0.05), and discussion of FP within the household (p<0.05). Conclusion: The involvement of spouses through awareness sessions and the use of long-acting methods would help to make family planning effective

Socio-Economic Values and Ecological Importance of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. in Sahelian Agrosystems in western Niger

Balanites aegyptiaca contributes strongly to the resilience of Sahelian populations. All the organs of B. aegyptiaca are used either for food, medicinal purposes or for other services. However, very few studies on the socioeconomic importance of B. aegyptiaca have been conducted in Niger. The main objective of this study was to valorize the knowledge of the populations on the uses of B. aegyptiaca in the Sudan-Sahelian agrosystems of Niger. The study was conducted in the Dosso region. The region was chosen based on its two main agro-climatic zones, characterized by the scarcity of the species in the south and its abundance in the north. A survey was carried out in February 2021 to assess the diversity of uses. The findings revealed that the uses of B. aegyptiaca products are very diversified and varied considerably accross agro-ecological zones. The types of use varied significantly among ethnic groups. The Hausa possessed 88.26% of the use, the Zarma 14.47%, the Peulh 2.63%, the Songhai 1.32%, and Touareg 1.32%. All parts of B. aegyptiaca are used in traditional pharmacopoeia to threat various human and animal illnesses. 68.00% of respondents reported the interaction between Balanites and crops as very beneficial. B. aegyptiaca is prone to a variety of threats. Hence, 97.30% of respondents acknowledged the existence of several diseases and/or insect pests that affect Balanites' organs. Given the importance of this species in the region, more research is required to quantify its contribution to rural household food security and resilience

Boscia Senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir., une Espèce Ligneuse à Fortes Potentialités Ethnobotaniques et Bien Adaptée à la Sécheresse au Sahel : Synthèse Bibliographique

L’exploitation des ressources végétales notamment ligneuses constitue l’une des stratégies paysannes adoptées pour faire face aux déficits alimentaires surtout pour les ménages vulnérables. Cette synthèse bibliographique dresse l’état des lieux de quelques contributions scientifiques et techniques relatives à l’importance socio-économique et environnementale ainsi que quelques caractéristiques écologiques de Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir.. L’exploitation minutieuse de documents scientifiques en ligne notamment des articles scientifiques et des thèses ainsi que les documents fournis par Sahara Sahel Food a servi à la réalisation de cette étude. Il ressort de l’analyse bibliographique que cette ressource revêt une importance capitale pour les communautés sahéliennes. Il s’agit de son importance dans l’alimentation humaine (surtout en période de soudure), son usage dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle, son importance dans le stockage traditionnel du niébé ainsi que son rôle dans l’alimentation du bétail. La grande particularité de l’espèce réside aussi dans sa forte capacité de résilience. En effet, au Sahel cet arbuste polycaule de la famille des Capparaceae occupe souvent des écosystèmes au stade ultime de dégradation. Cependant quelques cas de menaces ont été évoqués sur cette espèce. L’analyse de l’état des lieux des connaissances existantes sur B. senegalensis a permis ainsi de mettre en évidence le besoin urgent d’entreprendre des recherches scientifiques approfondies sur l’état actuel de ses peuplements, ses stratégies de reproduction ainsi que la caractérisation de ses variétés. Ces nouvelles connaissances, une fois acquises contribueront à formuler des recommandations soutenues pour sa valorisation au Niger. The exploitation of woody plant resources is one of the peasant strategies adopted in dealing with food shortages, especially for vulnerable households. This paper focuses on the inventory of some scientific and technical contributions relating to the socio-economic and environmental importance as well as some ecological characteristics of Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir. Detailed study of scientific documents including scientific articles and theses as well as the documents provided by Sahara Sahel Food was used in this study. It, however, emerges based on the bibliographic analysis that this resource is of capital importance for Sahelian communities. This importance can be seen in human nutrition (especially in lean season), traditional pharmacopoeia, traditional cowpea storage as well as its role in livestock feed. The great peculiarity of the species also lies in its strong capacity for resilience. Indeed, in the Sahel this polycaule shrub of the Capparaceae family often occupies ecosystems at the final stage of degradation. However, some cases of threats have been mentioned in this species. The analysis of the current state of knowledge on B. senegalensis has thus made it possible to highlight the urgent need to undertake an in-depth scientific research on the current state of its stands, his reproductive strategies, and the characterization of its varieties. This new knowledge, once acquired, will help in formulating sustained recommendations for its valorization in Niger

Spatial swarm segregation and reproductive isolation between the molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae

Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in Africa, can be divided into two subgroups based on genetic and ecological criteria. These two subgroups, termed the M and S molecular forms, are believed to be incipient species. Although they display differences in the ecological niches they occupy in the field, they are often sympatric and readily hybridize in the laboratory to produce viable and fertile offspring. Evidence for assortative mating in the field was recently reported, but the underlying mechanisms awaited discovery. We studied swarming behaviour of the molecular forms and investigated the role of swarm segregation in mediating assortative mating. Molecular identification of 1145 males collected from 68 swarms in Donéguébougou, Mali, over 2 years revealed a strict pattern of spatial segregation, resulting in almost exclusively monotypic swarms with respect to molecular form. We found evidence of clustering of swarms composed of individuals of a single molecular form within the village. Tethered M and S females were introduced into natural swarms of the M form to verify the existence of possible mate recognition operating within-swarm. Both M and S females were inseminated regardless of their form under these conditions, suggesting no within-mate recognition. We argue that our results provide evidence that swarm spatial segregation strongly contributes to reproductive isolation between the molecular forms in Mali. However this does not exclude the possibility of additional mate recognition operating across the range distribution of the forms. We discuss the importance of spatial segregation in the context of possible geographic variation in mechanisms of reproductive isolation

A Case Series of Intraluminal Migration Gossypiboma in Regional Hospital of Maradi

Introduction: Textiloma or Gossypiboma is used to describe a foreign body composed of a compress (s) or surgical field (s) forgotten at an operating site. Case report: Authors reported two cases of intestinal migrant textiloma in patients all previously operated on by cesarean section. The two patients consulted for a chronic painful abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasound showed a superficial anterior structure in favor of foreign body in the first patient. The second one concluded that there was a right ovarian cyst. The surgery discovered a greek mass in both cases. Resection of the intestinal mass was performed followed by end to end anastomosis. The enterostomy of hail mass revealed an abdominal compress in each case. Conclusion: Forgetting a compress or abdominal field during surgery is a tragedy for the surgeon not only because of its forensic aspect but also because of the suffering endured by the patient. Indeed, actions trying to prevent this type of error are implemented in most developed countries; it is time for each hospital to adopt preventive measures, even if just only the compresses counting during the procedure

The contribution of aestivating mosquitoes to the persistence of Anopheles gambiae in the Sahel

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Persistence of African anophelines throughout the long dry season (4-8 months) when no surface waters are available remains one of the enduring mysteries of medical entomology. Recent studies demonstrated that aestivation (summer diapause) is one mechanism that allows the African malaria mosquito, <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>, to persist in the Sahel. However, migration from distant localities - where reproduction continues year-round - might also be involved.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To assess the contribution of aestivating adults to the buildup of populations in the subsequent wet season, two villages subjected to weekly pyrethrum sprays throughout the dry season were compared with two nearby villages, which were only monitored. If aestivating adults are the main source of the subsequent wet-season population, then the subsequent wet-season density in the treated villages will be lower than in the control villages. Moreover, since virtually only M-form <it>An. gambiae </it>are found during the dry season, the reduction should be specific to the M form, whereas no such difference is predicted for S-form <it>An. gambiae </it>or <it>Anopheles arabiensis</it>. On the other hand, if migrants arriving with the first rain are the main source, no differences between treated and control villages are expected across all members of the <it>An. gambiae </it>complex.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The wet-season density of the M form in treated villages was 30% lower than that in the control (P < 10^-4, permutation test), whereas no significant differences were detected in the S form or <it>An</it>. <it>arabiensis</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results support the hypothesis that the M form persist in the arid Sahel primarily by aestivation, whereas the S form and <it>An. arabiensis </it>rely on migration from distant locations. Implications for malaria control are discussed.</p

Les Occlusions Intestinales Par Nœud Ileo-Sigmoïdien : Aspects Diagnostiques, Thérapeutiques Et Pronostiques

Introduction: Ileosigmoid knot (ISK), also known as compound volvulus or double volvulus, is a rare disease and affects mostly male subjects in their fourth decade. Delayed diagnosis often leads to complications with a high incidence of digestive necrosis. Materials and methods: This was a 10-year retrospective, descriptive and analytical study from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016, which covered all patients operated emergently for ISK in the surgical and surgical specialty departments at the Niamey National Hospital (NNH). Results: The series involved 8 cases of ISK, representing 0.82% of intestinal obstructions. There were 7 men and 1 woman. The average age of patients was 44.33 years with extremes ranging from 25 to 60 years. The main clinical signs were: abdominal pain (100%), inability to pass gas and stool (100%), vomiting (87.5%) and abdominal meteorism (87.5%). Four patients (50%) had a clear obstructive syndrome and the other 4 patients (50%) had associated signs of peritoneal irritation. Paraclinical diagnosis was difficult because of atypical clinico-radiological signs, but in all cases an abdominal x-ray was performed and showed a double loop of dilated sigmoid shadow in 87.5% of the cases. Laparotomy was the first approach used in all patients and led to a 50% necrosis rate. Hartmann’s colectomy and ideal colectomy were used in identical proportions, with 50% each. Ideal colectomy was characterized by a morbidity rate of 50% and a mortality rate of 25% compared to 0% for Hartmann’s procedure. The overall morbidity was 25% and the overall mortality was 12.5%. The average hospital stay was 65.87 days (range 17 to 128 days). The average time before reestablishment of digestive continuity was 50.37 days (range 31-128 days). Conclusion: Ileosigmoid knot is a rare condition at Niamey national hospital where the diagnostic approach is similar to that of occlusions in general, but remains difficult due to its uncommonness and atypical clinico-radiological signs. Necrosis rates and postoperative complications remain high

Importance Ethnobotanique Et Des Menaces Sur Le Délice Du Boboye, Neocarya Macrophylla (Sabine) Prance, (Chrysobalanaceae) Dans La Vallée Fossile Du Dallol Bosso (Niger)

The present study conducted in the Dallol Bosso fossil valley aims to know the local perception of the level of threat on the Neocarya macrophylla species in order to provide indicators of sustainable management of the natural stand. To do this, surveys were conducted in two agro-ecological zones.The collection of information was carried out through a simple questionnaire based on the woody stand, the sources of supply and the part of the plant taken from the woody food species, as well as the threats they suffer and their causes. It appears that the most dominant species is Neocarya macrophylla ; a multipurpose species among others, used for food, medicine and wood.The survey also reveals the presence of twenty four (24) ligneous foods species among which eighteen (18) are common to both zones. Analyses showed, the excessive cutting of the wood and the unfavorable climatic conditions as the main factors resulting on potential threat of these species. At the same time, threats on Neocarya macrophylla, a characteristic species of Dallol Bosso valley were identified on the field