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Differential effects of myostatin deficiency on motor and sensory axons
IntroductionDeletion of myostatin in mice (MSTN-/- ) alters structural properties of peripheral axons. However, properties like axon diameter and myelin thickness were analyzed in mixed nerves, so it is unclear whether loss of myostatin affects motor, sensory, or both types of axons.MethodsUsing the MSTN-/- mouse model, we analyzed the effects of increasing the number of muscle fibers on axon diameter, myelin thickness, and internode length in motor and sensory axons.ResultsAxon diameter and myelin thickness were increased in motor axons of MSTN-/- mice without affecting internode length or axon number. The number of sensory axons was increased without affecting their structural properties.DiscussionThese results suggest that motor and sensory axons establish structural properties by independent mechanisms. Moreover, in motor axons, instructive cues from the neuromuscular junction may play a role in co-regulating axon diameter and myelin thickness, whereas internode length is established independently. Muscle Nerve 56: E100-E107, 2017
Biogenic amine and GABA receptor accession numbers from CNS transcriptome.
<p>Biogenic amine and GABA receptor accession numbers from CNS transcriptome.</p
RNA-seq kallisto counts for ion channels and housekeeping genes identified in the <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> CNS transcriptome.
<p>Horizontal bar plot ordered based on read alignment with color coordinating to channel families. Read counts were normalized using TPM method. Inset displays zoomed in visualization of channels where TPM fell below 1000. Housekeeping genes are displayed with a scale bar that is an order of magnitude greater than that of the ion channels.</p
Comparison of previously described innexin sequence identity and expression against CNS transcriptome.
<p>Comparison of previously described innexin sequence identity and expression against CNS transcriptome.</p
Blast hit species distribution of <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> nervous system transcriptome.
<p>(A). Frequency of species assigned to each contig from total BLAST hits (up to 20 hits per contig) against NCBI’s validated RefSeq database of Animalia protein sequences with an e-value threshold = 10<sup>−5</sup>. (B). Frequency of species assigned to each contig from the highest scoring BLAST hit for each contig.</p
Neurotransmitter-associated enzymes and transporters identified in the <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> CNS transcriptome.
<p>Trees were produced in the same manner as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0201206#pone.0201206.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>. Transmitter-related subtypes and accession numbers can be found in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0201206#pone.0201206.t008" target="_blank">Table 8</a>.</p
KCNQ and KCNK channel families identified in <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> CNS transcriptome.
<p>Trees were produced in the same manner as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0201206#pone.0201206.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>. <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> KCNQ and KCNK channel subtypes, putative membrane currents, and accession numbers can be found in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0201206#pone.0201206.t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p
Glutamate and acetylcholine receptor accession numbers from CNS transcriptome.
<p>Glutamate and acetylcholine receptor accession numbers from CNS transcriptome.</p
Ionotropic (kainate- and NMDA-like) and metabotropic glutamate receptors identified in the <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> CNS transcriptome.
<p>Trees were produced in the same manner as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0201206#pone.0201206.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>. <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> glutamate receptor subtypes and accession numbers can be found in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0201206#pone.0201206.t007" target="_blank">Table 7</a>.</p
Families of sodium and calcium ion channel subtypes identified in <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> CNS transcriptome.
<p>Trees were produced in the same manner as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0201206#pone.0201206.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>. The putative <i>H</i>. <i>verbana</i> sodium and calcium ion channel subtypes are listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0201206#pone.0201206.t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> with accession numbers and putative associated membrane currents.</p