<i>TESS</i> Spots a Compact System of Super-Earths around the Naked-eye Star HR 858

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations have revealed a compact multiplanet system around the sixth-magnitude star HR 858 (TIC 178155732, TOI 396), located 32 pc away. Three planets, each about twice the size of Earth, transit this slightly evolved, late F-type star, which is also a member of a visual binary. Two of the planets may be in mean motion resonance. We analyze the TESS observations, using novel methods to model and remove instrumental systematic errors, and combine these data with follow-up observations taken from a suite of ground-based telescopes to characterize the planetary system. The HR 858 planets are enticing targets for precise radial velocity observations, secondary eclipse spectroscopy, and measurements of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect

Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Phase II Deployment and Commissioning

This paper presents the design and deployment of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) phase II system. HERA is designed as a staged experiment targeting 21 cm emission measurements of the Epoch of Reionization. First results from the phase I array are published as of early 2022, and deployment of the phase II system is nearing completion. We describe the design of the phase II system and discuss progress on commissioning and future upgrades. As HERA is a designated Square Kilometre Array pathfinder instrument, we also show a number of “case studies” that investigate systematics seen while commissioning the phase II system, which may be of use in the design and operation of future arrays. Common pathologies are likely to manifest in similar ways across instruments, and many of these sources of contamination can be mitigated once the source is identified

Replication Data for: How Politicians Discount the Opinions of Constituents with Whom They Disagree

We argue that politicians systematically discount the opinions of constituents with whom they disagree and that this "disagreement discounting" is a contributing factor to ideological incongruence. A pair of survey experiments where state and local politicians are the subjects of interest show that public officials rationalize this behavior by assuming that constituents with opposing views are less informed about the issue. This finding applies both to well-established issues that divide the parties as well as to non-partisan ones. Further, it cannot be explained by politicians' desires to favor the opinions of either co-partisans or likely voters. A third survey experiment using a sample of voters shows that the bias is exacerbated by an activity central to representative governance -- taking and explaining one'™s policy positions. This suggests that the job of being a representative exacerbates this bias

Replication Data for: Revenue Source and Electoral Accountability: Experimental Evidence from Local U.S. Policymakers

These files replicate the analysis presented in the main paper and also provide a partial replication of the analyses presented in the supplementary, online appendix. The reason this is only a partial replication of those supplementary analyses is because the replication data sets exclude municipal-level variables. As part of our IRB application and consent process with the local officials surveyed, we promised to keep their identity confidential. To ensure confidentiality, we do not include any city level variables in the replication files since many of these variables (such as any demographic data from the US Census) could be used to identify respondents' municipality. With the individual-level variables, such as gender or party ID, their individual identity could then be identified. To access the municipal-level variables, please contact the authors. Access will require signing a confidentiality agreement, at the very least

Replication Data for: Noisy Retrospection: The Effect of Party Control on Policy Outcomes

These are the replication files for "Noisy Retrospection: The Effect of Party Control on Policy Outcomes." They include the dataset that was analyzed (in both Stata and CSV formats), the Stata code that was used to analyze the dataset, and the R code that was used to create the figures. The dataset and analyses include results presented both in the paper and the online appendix

How Politicians Discount the Opinions of Constituents with Whom They Disagree

Abstract We argue that politicians systematically discount the opinions of constituents with whom they disagree and that this &quot;disagreement discounting&quot; is a contributing factor to ideological incongruence. A pair of survey experiments where state and local politicians are the subjects of interest show that public officials rationalize this behavior by assuming that constituents with opposing views are less informed about the issue. This finding applies both to well-established issues that divide the parties as well as to nonpartisan ones. Further, it cannot be explained by politicians&apos; desires to favor the opinions of either co-partisans or likely voters. A third survey experiment using a sample of voters shows that the bias is exacerbated by an activity central to representative governancetaking and explaining one&apos;s policy positions. This suggests that the job of being a representative exacerbates this bias

Speciation and Quantitative Mapping of Metal Species in Microbial Biofilms Using Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

A scanning transmission X-ray microscope illuminated with synchrotron light was used to investigate the speciation and spatial distributions of metals in a microbial biofilm cultivated from river water. Metal 2p absorption edge signals were used to provide metal speciation (through shapes of the absorption spectra) and quantitative spatial distributions of the metal species. This paper presents sample data and describes methods for extracting quantitative maps of metal species from image sequences recorded in the region of the metal 2p edges. Comparisons were made with biochemical characterization of the same region using images recorded at the C 1s and O 1s edges. The method is applied to detailed quantitative analysis of ferrous and ferric iron in a river biofilm, in concert with mapping Ni- (II) and Mn(II) species in the same region. The distributions of the metal species are discussed in the context of the biofilm structure. These results demonstrate that soft X-ray STXM measurements at the metal 2p absorption edges can be used to speciate metals and to provide quantitative spatial distribution maps for metal species in environmental samples with 50 nm spatial resolution

Replication Data for: Ideology, Learning, and Policy Diffusion: Experimental Evidence

We introduce experimental research design to the study of policy diffusion in order to better understand how political ideology affects policymakers’ willingness to learn from one another’s experiences. Our two experiments, embedded in national surveys of U.S. municipal officials, expose local policymakers to vignettes describing the zoning and home foreclosure policies of other cities, offering opportunities to learn more. We find that: (1) policymakers who are ideologically predisposed against the described policy are relatively unwilling to learn from others, but (2) such ideological biases can be overcome with an emphasis on the policy’s success or on its adoption by co-partisans in other communities. We also find a similar partisan-based bias among traditional ideological supporters, who are less willing to learn from those in the opposing party. The experimental approach offered here provides numerous new opportunities for scholars of policy diffusion