Incidência do vírus influenza em cães adultos criados em áreas rural e urbana do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A transmissão interespecífica do vírus influenza é relatada em estudo sobre influenza com animais domésticos desde 1970. Pássaros e mamíferos, incluindo o homem, são seus hospedeiros naturais, porém outros animais podem participar da sua epidemiologia. Foi investigada a incidência do vírus influenza em cães adultos criados em zonas rural (9, 19,56%) e urbana (37, 80,43%), do Estado de São Paulo. Os soros dos cães foram examinados pelo teste de inibição da hemaglutinação (IH), usando antígeno dos vírus influenza circulantes no Brasil. Nos cães rurais foram detectados títulos médios de 94,37, 227,88, 168,14 e 189,62 UIH/25 mL (unidades inibidoras de hemaglutinação/25 mL) para os subtipos H1N1, H3N2, H7N7, H3N8 de vírus influenza A, respectivamente, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas (pIn 1970, searching for the interspecies transmission of influenza viruses led to the first study on influenza viruses in domestic animals. Birds and mammals, including human beings, are their natural hosts; however, other animals may also play a role in the virus epidemiology. The objective was to investigate the incidence of influenza viruses in adult dogs raised in rural (9, 19.56%) and urban (37, 80.43%) areas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Dog serum samples were examined for antibodies to influenza viruses by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using the corresponding antigens from the circulating viruses in Brazil. Dogs from rural areas presented antibodies to influenza A H3N2, and influenza A H7N7 and H3N8. In rural areas, dog sera displayed mean titers as 94.37, 227.88, 168.14, 189.62 HIU/25 µL for subtypes H1N1, H3N2, H7N7, H3N8, respectively. About 84% and 92% of dogs from urban areas exhibited antibodies to human influenza A H1N1 and H3N2, respectively, with statistical difference at p < 0.05 between the mean titers of antibodies to H1N1 and H3N2. About 92% and 100% were positive for H7N7 and H3N8, respectively. In dogs from urban areas, the mean titers of antibodies against influenza A H1N1, H3N2, H7N7 and H3N8, were 213.96, 179.42, 231.76, 231.35 HIU/25 µL respectively. The difference among them was not statistically significant at p &gt; 0.05. In conclusion, these dogs were positive for both human and equine influenza viruses. The present study suggests the first evidence that influenza viruses circulate among dogs in Brazil

Molecular and serological characterization of influenza A isolated from wild, migratory and resident birds in the state of São Paulo.

O Vírus de Influenza aviária pertence à família Orthomyxoviridae. Nos últimos anos vários subtipos da gripe aviária de baixa patogenicidade têm causado surtos e epidemia em humanos e aves domésticas. As aves selvagens e migratórias participam da manutenção e transmissão interespécie dos 16 subtipos de hemaglutinina e 9 subtipos de Neuraminidase na natureza. Nosso estudo teve como objetivo subtipar as amostras positivas através de teste sorológico de inibição da hemaglutinação (HI) e técnica de Biologia Molecular. Foram positivas as amostras das espécies: Elaenia mesoleuca (2), Sporophila lineola (1) Sporophila caerulescen (1), Vireo olivaceus (3), Columbina talpacoti (3), Paroaria dominicana (2), foram coletadas das reservas experimentais de campo localizadas no estado de São Paulo-Brasil,durante os anos de 1997 e 1998. Tais amostras foram identificadas por teste preconizado HI(de acordo com WHO) usando 20 soros imunes anti-influenza do tipo A e um do tipo B e análise de RT-PCR com sequenciamento do gene Hemaglutinina e Neuraminidase. O teste HI demonstrou que 12 amostras apresentou estreita afinidade com com soros imune A/HongKong/1/68 (H3N2), A/Equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) and A/Duck/Ukraine/63 (H3N8). As análises de sequenciamento do gene hemaglutinina e Neuraminidase desses isolados revelaram uma alta homologia com os do subtipos H3N2. As análise filogenética e variabilidade genética em comparação com as seqüências de Genbank representando diversos países, mostraram que nossas amostras apresentou estreita homologia com os vírus do subtipos que circularam em Victoria (1990), Siena (1991) e Beijim (1989). A análise de amino ácido indicou que há mutações não sinônimas no gene da Hemaglutinina exclusiva de nossas amostras e as mutações da Neuraminidase são sinônimos, quando comparadas com amostras de AIV de outros paises. Nossas Amostras quando análisadas a NA, não apresentaram mutações nos aminoácidos y285t e r297n que conferem resistencia aos inibidores da Neuminidase.Avian Influenza virus belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family. The last years several low pathogenic avian influenza subtypes have caused outbreaks and epidemic in human and poultry. The wild and migrating birds may be participating of maintenance and interspecies transmission of the sixteen subtypes of the Hemagglutinina and nine Neuraminidase in nature. Our study was aimed to subtype the positive samples for influenza A isolated from migrating and wild birds by molecular technique and Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI). The samples from species Elaenia mesoleuca (2), Sporophila lineola (1) Sporophila caerulescens (1), Vireo olivaceus (3), Columbina talpacoti (3), Paroaria dominicana (2), were collected in reserves and experimental field stations located in the São Paulo State - Brazil, during the years 1997 and 1998. The samples were identified by HI test (according WHO) using the 20 antibody patterns anti-influenza A type and one for the influenza type B and RT-PCR and Sequence analysis of Hemaglutinina and Neuraminidase gene. The HI test demonstrated that 12 samples presented an antigenic close relationship with A/HongKong/1/68 (H3N2), A/ Equine/Miami /63 (H3N8) and A/Duck/ Ukraine/ 63 (H3N8) antiserum.The sequencing analyses of Hemaglutinin and Neuraminidase gene of these 12 isolates revealed a high homology with H3N2. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic variability compared with genbank sequence representing several countries, showed that our current samples submitted close homology to that circulated in Victoria (1990), Siena (1991) and Beijim (1989). Amino acid analysis compared our samples with representative genbank samples all of mutation are synonymous