Étude de la qualité des eaux usées des deux retenues du bassin du Gourou au carrefour de l’Indénié à Abidjan en 2012.

Objectif : Le défaut de filière de traitement des eaux usées a conduit à la réalisation de ce travail avec pour objectif d’Étudier la qualité bactériologique des eaux usées dans les retenues de l’Indénié contiguës aux grands collecteurs du bassin du gourou.Méthodologie et Résultats : Les échantillons ont été prélevés dans des bouteilles en verres et analysées suivant les méthodes de microbiologies classiques. Dans la retenue A, la concentration moyenne de coliformes totaux était de 2,74.107 UFC/100mL. Celles des coliformes thermotolérants, E. coli et les streptocoques fécaux, ont été respectivement de 1,49.107 UFC/100mL, 1,22.107 UFC/100mL et de 9,19.106 UFC/100mL. Dans la retenue B, la concentration moyenne de Coliformes totaux était de 2,98.107 UFC/100mL. Considérant les Coliformes thermotolérants, E. coli et les streptocoques fécaux, les charges moyennes ont été respectivement de 2,19.107 UFC/100mL, 1,72.107 UFC/100mL et de 1,32.107 UFC/100mL.Conclusion et application des résultats : Les eaux des deux retenues étudiées présentent une mauvaise qualité bactériologique eue égard aux concentrations des germes indicateurs de pollution fécale. En effet les concentrations en E. coli, Streptocoques fécaux et coliformes totaux étaient largement supérieurs aux normes OMS pour les eaux usées destinées à être rejetée dans l’environnement sans risque sanitaire. Il apparait alors plus que nécessaire de créer des filières de traitement de ces eaux usées avant leur rejet dans le milieu naturel. Ce qui pourrait réduire les risques de pollution environnementale d’une part et sanitaire d’autre part. Les résultats de ce travail posent aussi le problème du mode d’utilisation des collecteurs et des retenus d’eaux usées qui passent pour être de vrais dépotoirs.Mots clefs : Eaux Usées, pollution, risque sanitaire, indicateur

Travel-related Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W135 Infection, France

International audienc

Emergence of W135 in Cote d’Ivoire: laboratory based-surveillance

OBJECTIVES To describe the emergence of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) W135 in Côte d’Ivoire and its characteristics compared to NmA. METHODS Data on Nm samples isolated at the National Reference Center for meningitis in Côte d’Ivoire between 2007 and 2012 were analyzed. Socio-demographic data and biological information on the samples were extracted from the database. Categorical variables, such as sex and the serotype of the bacteria, were compared using the Fisher exact test, while the distribution of continuous variables, such as age, was compared using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS Among the 175 Nm samples, 57 were NmA, 4 were NmB, 13 were NmC, and 99 were NmW135. The geographical distribution of NmA and NmW135 did not show a significant difference according to age or sex. NmW135 was more common than NmA in the northern health districts of Cote d’Ivoire (85.9 vs. 45.5%; p<0.001). No sample of NmA has been isolated since 2009, while 95% of the type W135 samples were isolated between 2010 and 2012. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the emergence of NmW135 in Côte d’Ivoire, as well as the simultaneous disappearance of NmA. It is important to improve laboratory-based surveillance of meningitis to assess trends in the circulation of bacteria and to detect the emergence of new serogroups earlier

Emergence in Western African Countries of MDR-TB, Focus on Côte d’Ivoire

Tuberculosis (TB) is responsible for a high mortality rate (2.5%) worldwide, mainly in developing countries with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The emergence of multiresistant strains of TB poses an extreme risk for TB outbreaks and highlights the need for global TB control strategies. Among Western African countries, Côte d’Ivoire (CI) represents a specific example of a country with great potential to prevent TB. Specifically, CI has a promising healthcare system for monitoring diseases, including vaccination programs. However, military and political conflict in CI favors the spread of infectious diseases, TB being among the most devastating. Compilation of the studies identifying common causes of TB would be extremely beneficial for the development of treatment and prevention strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this comprehensive review is to evaluate the epidemiology of TB in CI, describe the factors involved in pathogenesis, and suggest simple and applicable prevention strategies

Findings on 149 patients with suspected acute bacterial meningitis, by district of residence and etiology, North Benin, weeks 9 through 17, 2012.

*<p><i>Nm = Neisseria meningitidis</i>.</p

Findings on 149 patients with suspected acute bacterial meningitis, by age group (in years) and etiology, North Benin, weeks 9 through 17, 2012.

*<p><i>Nm = Neisseria meningitidis</i>.</p

Timeline for the LaboMobil® (LM) intervention in Benin, April, 2012.

<p>Timeline for the LaboMobil® (LM) intervention in Benin, April, 2012.</p

Map of Côte d’Ivoire showing the regions, cities and villages where the ticks were collected for our study.

<p>Map of Côte d’Ivoire showing the regions, cities and villages where the ticks were collected for our study.</p

23S rRNA based phylogenetic analysis of strains identified in this study.

<p>Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of <i>Anaplasma</i> sp, <i>Ehrlichia</i> sp and <i>Wolbachia</i> sp identified in the present study relative to <i>Anaplama</i>, <i>Ehrlichia</i> and <i>Wolbachia</i> type and uncultured strains. The 23S rRNA sequences were aligned using MEGA 6 and phylogenetic inferences were obtained from a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with the HKY standard model.</p