Ecotoxicity of insecticides of frequent use in tomatoes on Trichogramma achaeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Since Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was detected in 2006 as a new pest in tomato crops in Spain, several natural enemies have been reported tocontrol this pest. In biological control programs, the native parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja&Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is used against T.absoluta. However, the most common control practice is based on use of pesticides,and in the frame of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, the knowledge on the activity of insecticides towards beneficial insects is needed for its joint use. In thiswork, we evaluated lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides commonly applied on tomato crops on adults of T. achaeae. Pesticides were sprayed on tomato plants or T. Absoluta eggs till run off at their maximum field recommended concentration. Mortality was scored after 24, 48 and 72 hours, as well as beneficial capacity and percentage of emergence

Estudio para la implantación de Programas en Inglés en los títulos de grado de la ETSI Agrónomos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Universities are offering more and more courses and programmes in an additional language. At HEPCLIL, therefore, we would like to debate the methodological im - plications of these changes, giving voice to practical classroom experiences and initiatives. We would also like to act as a platform for cutting-edge research on CLIL in higher education. What impact does teaching in an additional language have on content or language learning? What are the effects on teachers and stu - dents in higher education

Assessment for English language education on the programs at the Agricultural Engineering School of Madrid

The convergence process among European academic degrees pursues the exchange of graduate students and the adaptation of university programs to social demand. Within the framework of the European Higher Education, European universities will need to be more competitive not only by increasing or maintaining the student enrolment, but also in their academic performance. Thus, the reinforcing of English language education within the University Programs might play an important role to reach these objectives. In this sense, a complete survey was accomplished at the Agricultural Egineering School of Madrid (ETSIA ) addressing issues such as: identification the needs for bilingual instruction at ETSIA, identification resources needed and interest and background in English language of students and professors (San José et al., 2013). The conclusions and recommendations to promote the bilingual instruction in the ETSIA, taking into account the approaches followed by other Spanish universities, are presented in this work

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Managing crop margins to enhance the presence of pollinators and natural enemies. The Spanish approach

The loss of natural habitats with the resulting decrease in plant diversity has been recognized as one of the key factors of the substantial decline in the populations of pollinators all over the world. Within the European initiative OPERATION POLLINATOR (www.operationpollinator.com), the managing of crop margins by implementing mixtures of flowering plants which offer food and shelter for both pollinators and natural enemies (NE) has been identified as a potential strategy to mitigate their decline in farming landscapes. OBJECTIVES in the central Spain study (Madrid) Identify a suitable floral mixture and its relative attractiveness of the flowering plant to pollinators (3-year study in a rainfed barley crop) Effects of the floral mixture in the melon crop (2-year study): • Number and diversity of pollinators visiting the melon flowers • Quality/productivity (seed & total weight, density, defects, °BRIX, pH, juiciness, etc.) • Nesting of solitary bees in the vicinity of the crop

Managing crop margins to enhance the presence of pollinators and natural enemies. The Spanish approach

The loss of natural habitats with the resulting decrease in plant diversity has been recognized as one of the key factors of the substantial decline in the populations of pollinators all over the world. Within the European initiative OPERATION POLLINATOR (www.operationpollinator.com), the managing of crop margins by implementing mixtures of flowering plants which offer food and shelter for both pollinators and natural enemies (NE) has been identified as a potential strategy to mitigate their decline in farming landscapes. OBJECTIVES in the central Spain study (Madrid) Identify a suitable floral mixture and its relative attractiveness of the flowering plant to pollinators (3-year study in a rainfed barley crop) Effects of the floral mixture in the melon crop (2-year study): • Number and diversity of pollinators visiting the melon flowers • Quality/productivity (seed & total weight, density, defects, °BRIX, pH, juiciness, etc.) • Nesting of solitary bees in the vicinity of the crop

The Role of Annual Flowering Plant Strips on a Melon Crop in Central Spain : Influence on Pollinators and Crop

Planting flower strips adjacent to crops is among the habitat-management practices employed to offer alternative floral resources to pollinators. However, more information is needed to understand their potential spill-over of pollinators on nearby insect-pollinated crops. Over the course of two consecutive years, the suitability of a flower mixture of 10 herbaceous plants for pollinators was evaluated on a weekly basis, in a randomized block design of two melon plots (10 × 10 m2 ) with or without 1 m-wide flower strips. Floral coverage and pollinator visits to the plant species, as well as pollinator visits and the yield and quality of the crop, were assessed. Additionally, the selected mixture was tested for 1 year in a commercial field in order to ascertain how far the flower strip could influence visitors in the crop. The most suitable species for a flower strip in central Spain based on their attractiveness, floral coverage and staggered blossom were Coriandrum sativum L., Diplotaxis virgata L., Borago officinalis L. and Calendula officinalis L. The flower strip can act as either pollinator competitor or facilitator to the crop, depending on their floral coverage and/or the predominant species during the crop bloom period. The concurrence of blooming of the rewarding plant C. officinalis with the melon crop should be avoided in our area. In the commercial field, the bee visitation rate in the melon flowers decreased with the distance to the flower strip. No influence of the specific flower strip evaluated on crop productivity or quality was found

Comparación de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de la toxicidad de diferentes plaguicidas sobre dos especies de miridos, aplicando la metodología de la OILB

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Router) (Hemiptera: Miridae) y Macrolophus basicornis (Stål) (Hemiptera: Miridae), son dos depredadores utilizados en el control de plagas del tomate, principalmente Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), en España y Brasil respectivamente. Se ha estudiado la toxicidad residual de ocho modernos plaguicidas en adultos de estas dos especies de miridos, siguiendo la metodología recomendada por la Organización Internacional de Lucha Biológica e Integrada (OILB). Los ensayos se realizaron en dos laboratorios diferentes: Unidad de Protección Vegetal (ETSIA, UPM) y Laboratorio de Estudios de Selectividad (UFLA, Lavras-Brasil). Los insecticidas empleados en ambos laboratorios contenían el mismo ingrediente activo cuando fue posible (en el caso de Deltametrina y Flubendiamida) o pertenecían al mismo grupo de modo de acción principal según la clasificación del IRAC (Comité de Acción para la Resistencia a los Insecticidas): Spirotetramat, Metaflumizona y Sulfoxaflor en España y Spiromesifen, Indoxacarb e Imidacloprid en Brasil, respectivamente. Se evaluó la mortalidad durante los 3 días de exposición a los residuos y cuando fue posible, la descendencia de los supervivientes. Se comparan los resultados y las categorías de toxicología OILB obtenidas para los insecticidas estudiados

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective