Change-of-state Paradigms and the middle in Kinyarwanda

This paper investigates the derivational relationships among members of verbal paradigms in Kinyarwanda (Bantu JD.61; Rwanda) by pursuing two interrelated goals. First, I describe a variety of derivational strategies for marking transitive and intransitive variants in change-of-state verb paradigms. Second, I focus on the detransitivizing morpheme –ik which serves as one possible marking for intransitive members of these paradigms. Ultimately, I argue that this morpheme is a marker of middle voice, and the variety of readings which appear with this form can be subsumed under a single operation of argument suppression. Finally, I provide a discussion of reflexives and the apparent lack of a reflexive reading with –ik by arguing that this reading is blocked by either lexical reflexives or the reflexive prefix i–

Do preverbs climb?

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Does the preverb climb in Hungarian Preverb Climbimg?

Complex verbs in both Dutch and Hungarian pose a challenge to the concept of lexical integ-rity. ' On the one hand these verbs are input to morphological derivation, hence they appear to qualify as bona fide morphological constructs. On the other hand the verbal head and the lefthand part (the "particle") can occur in separate positions in syntax. This means that it must be allowed that syntactic movement rules apply to parts of words (Neeleman & Weerman 1993, Ackema 1999), or that the same element from the lexicon sometimes is realized syntactically and sometimes morphologically (Groos 1989, Ackerman & LeSourd 1997, Ackema & Neele-man 1999), or that a construction can have independent syntactic and morphological representa-tions that do not need to match (Farkas & Sadock 1989, Sadock 1991). Whatever solution is adopted, an additional problem arises when the complex verbs of Dutch and Hungarian are compared. This is because, at least at first sight, Hungarian complex verbs appear to be even more extreme with respect to the independent syntactic behaviour of their parts than their Dutch counterparts. In Dutch, particles hardly ever take part in movement processes that are independently established to occur in the language. This is illustrated by the data in (l)-(3). In the embedde