25 research outputs found

    Speech production after glossectomy: methodological aspects

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    International audienceThis article focuses on methodological issues related to quantitative assessments of speech quality after glossectomy. Acoustic and articulatory data were collected for 8 consonants from two patients. The acoustic analysis is based on spectral moments and the Klatt VOT. Lingual movements are recorded with ultrasound without calibration. The variations of acoustic and articulatory parameters across pre- and post-surgery conditions are analyzed in the light of perceptual evaluations of the stimuli. A parameter is considered to be relevant if its variation is congruent with perceptual ratings. The most relevant acoustic parameters are the skewness and the Center of Gravity. The Klatt VOT explains differences that could not be explained by spectral parameters. The SNTS ultrasound parameter provides information to describe impairments not accounted for by acoustical parameters. These results suggest that the combination of articulatory, perceptual and acoustic data provides comprehensive complementary information for a quantitative assessment of speech after glossectomy

    Brain activations in speech recovery process after intra-oral surgery: an fMRI study

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    International audienceThis study aims at describing cortical and subcortical activation patterns associated with functional recovery of speech production after reconstructive mouth surgery. Our ultimate goal is the understanding of how the brain deals with altered relationships between motor commands and auditory/orosensory feedback, and establishes new inter-articulatory coordination to preserve speech communication abilities. A longitudinal sparse-sampling fMRI study involving orofacial, vowel and syllable production tasks on 9 patients and in three different sessions (one week before, one month and three months after surgery) was conducted. Healthy subjects were recorded in parallel. Results show that for patients in the pre-surgery session, activation patterns are in good agreement with the classical speech production network. Crucially, lower activity in sensorimotor control brain areas during orofacial and speech production movements is observed for patients in all sessions. One month after surgery, the superior parietal lobule is more activated for simple vowel production suggesting a strong involvement of a multimodal integration process to compensate for loss of tongue motor control. Altogether, these results indicate both altered and adaptive sensorimotor control mechanisms in these patients. Index Terms: Neurophonetics, fMRI, speech recovery, motor control, glossectomy, whole-brain analysis, sparse-sampling

    Evolution des activations cérébrales lors de la production de parole aprÚs exérÚse au niveau de la cavité orale

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    International audienceUsing functional MRI, acoustic data and motor oral assessment, brain correlates of speech recovery after dramatic structural changes in the vocal tract have been investigated during three tasks: orofacial movements and speech production (vowels and syllables). Eleven patients were recorded during three sessions, preoperatively and postoperatively, 1 month and 3 months after surgery (for seven of them also 9 months after surgery). Eleven healthy subjects were recorded in parallel. A "whole brain" group analysis (patients/healthy subjects) reveals a specific activation pattern for patients, in particular during vowel task, which is session-dependent. Moreover, global lower brain activation compared to healthy subjects was found for all tasks in primary, secondary and integrative sensorimotor regions. Differences are interpreted in relation with the emergence of new speech motor goals and changes in the internal models.A partir de données d'IRM fonctionnelle, acoustiques et praxiques, nous avons étudié les corrélats cérébraux de l'adaptation de la parole aprÚs une modification structurelle importante du conduit vocal lors de trois tùches : mouvements oro-faciaux silencieux, voyelles et syllabes. Onze patients ont été enregistrés lors de trois sessions, pré-opératoire et post-opératoire à 1 mois et 3 mois (pour sept d'entre eux aussi à 9 mois). Onze sujets contrÎles ont été enregistrés en parallÚle. Une analyse de groupe (patients/contrÎles) " cerveau entier " révÚle des patrons d'activation spécifiques aux patients au cours des différentes sessions en particulier pour la tùche de production de voyelles. De plus, une moindre activation cérébrale par rapport aux sujets sains a été observée pour toutes les tùches dans des régions motrices, sensorielles et d'intégration sensori-motrice. Nous interprétons ces résultats en relation avec la redéfinition des buts de parole et l'adaptation de modÚles internes du systÚme moteur périphérique

    The IDENTIFY study: the investigation and detection of urological neoplasia in patients referred with suspected urinary tract cancer - a multicentre observational study

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    Objective To evaluate the contemporary prevalence of urinary tract cancer (bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer [UTUC] and renal cancer) in patients referred to secondary care with haematuria, adjusted for established patient risk markers and geographical variation. Patients and Methods This was an international multicentre prospective observational study. We included patients aged ≄16 years, referred to secondary care with suspected urinary tract cancer. Patients with a known or previous urological malignancy were excluded. We estimated the prevalence of bladder cancer, UTUC, renal cancer and prostate cancer; stratified by age, type of haematuria, sex, and smoking. We used a multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to adjust cancer prevalence for age, type of haematuria, sex, smoking, hospitals, and countries. Results Of the 11 059 patients assessed for eligibility, 10 896 were included from 110 hospitals across 26 countries. The overall adjusted cancer prevalence (n = 2257) was 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.3–34.1), bladder cancer (n = 1951) 24.7% (95% CI 19.1–30.2), UTUC (n = 128) 1.14% (95% CI 0.77–1.52), renal cancer (n = 107) 1.05% (95% CI 0.80–1.29), and prostate cancer (n = 124) 1.75% (95% CI 1.32–2.18). The odds ratios for patient risk markers in the model for all cancers were: age 1.04 (95% CI 1.03–1.05; P < 0.001), visible haematuria 3.47 (95% CI 2.90–4.15; P < 0.001), male sex 1.30 (95% CI 1.14–1.50; P < 0.001), and smoking 2.70 (95% CI 2.30–3.18; P < 0.001). Conclusions A better understanding of cancer prevalence across an international population is required to inform clinical guidelines. We are the first to report urinary tract cancer prevalence across an international population in patients referred to secondary care, adjusted for patient risk markers and geographical variation. Bladder cancer was the most prevalent disease. Visible haematuria was the strongest predictor for urinary tract cancer

    Cerebral correlates of speech adaptation after surgery of the intraoral cavity

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    Ce travail Ă©tudie les corrĂ©lats cĂ©rĂ©braux de l’adaptation de la parole et de la motricitĂ© oro-faciale aprĂšs l’exĂ©rĂšse chirurgicale d’une tumeur intra-orale. Une attention particuliĂšre est portĂ©e Ă  la recherche de corrĂ©lats rĂ©vĂ©lant une redĂ©finition des buts de la tĂąche, une rĂ©organisation de la coordination motrice, et une modification des reprĂ©sentations internes du systĂšme moteur.Trois tĂąches ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es : production de mouvements oro-faciaux silencieux ; production de voyelles ; production de syllabes. Les activitĂ©s cĂ©rĂ©brales ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©es par IRM fonctionnelle au cours de 4 sessions, en prĂ©-opĂ©ratoire, puis 1 mois, 3 mois et 9 mois aprĂšs la chirurgie. Onze patients et onze sujets sains ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©s. Pour les patients, trois types de donnĂ©es informant sur leur rĂ©cupĂ©ration motrice ont Ă©tĂ© acquis aux mĂȘmes pĂ©riodes : donnĂ©es praxiques ; signal acoustique de parole ; auto-Ă©valuation de la qualitĂ© de parole. Trois analyses statistiques ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es sur les donnĂ©es cĂ©rĂ©brales : (1) une analyse « cerveau entier » sur les amplitudes des activations ; (2) une analyse de la localisation de l’activation principale dans le cortex moteur primaire ; (3) une analyse en rĂ©gions d’intĂ©rĂȘt dans le rĂ©seau cĂ©rĂ©bral de la parole, via un modĂšle linĂ©aire gĂ©nĂ©ral dans lequel le facteur Groupe (Patients/Sains) a Ă©tĂ© remplacĂ© par une covariable continue, l’« Indice d’Adaptation Motrice » ou « IAM », mesurant le niveau de dĂ©gradation de la parole, puis son amĂ©lioration dans les mois suivants l’opĂ©ration. Les effets et les interactions des facteurs Groupe (ou IAM), Session et TĂąche sur la variable dĂ©pendante ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s. Toutes tĂąches et toutes sessions confondues, les patients se distinguent des sujets sains par une activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale plus faible dans les zones sensori-motrices oro-faciales. Des effets de la session sont observĂ©s pour toutes les tĂąches, pour les patients et les sujets sains. Seules les tĂąches de motricitĂ© silencieuse et de production des voyelles rĂ©vĂšlent des effets de la session sur l’activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale significativement diffĂ©rents pour les patients et les sujets sains. Ainsi, pour la motricitĂ© silencieuse, 1 mois aprĂšs l’opĂ©ration, les patients montrent, pour la tĂąche linguale, une forte activitĂ© dans le Lobule PariĂ©tal SupĂ©rieur (LPS) et dans le Cortex PrĂ©-Frontal Dorso-LatĂ©ral (CPFDL). Pour les voyelles, 3 mois aprĂšs la chirurgie, l’activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale des patients dĂ©croĂźt dans le cervelet et croĂźt fortement dans le Lobule PariĂ©tal InfĂ©rieur ; de 3 Ă  9 mois aprĂšs la chirurgie, l’activitĂ© croĂźt dans les zones motrices (Cortex Moteur Primaire et Aire Motrice SupplĂ©mentaire) et elle dĂ©croĂźt dans le Gyrus Temporal SupĂ©rieur. Les patients montrent aussi 1 mois aprĂšs l’opĂ©ration, tous articulateurs confondus, une localisation plus dorsale de l’activitĂ© dans le Cortex Moteur Primaire. Pour des tĂąches motrices silencieuses, nos observations suggĂšrent que, immĂ©diatement aprĂšs l’opĂ©ration, les patients pourraient rĂ©actualiser leur modĂšle interne du systĂšme moteur (activitĂ© dans le LPS), devenu imprĂ©cis, tout en rĂ©-Ă©laborant leurs stratĂ©gies de coordination (activitĂ© dans le CPFDL). Pour la production des voyelles, tĂąche plus complexe et plus prĂ©cise, nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que 3 mois aprĂšs l’opĂ©ration, les patients utiliseraient moins les modĂšles internes devenus trop imprĂ©cis. Le retour Ă  une activation forte dans les zones motrices 9 mois aprĂšs l’intervention suggĂšre que l’adaptation de la production des voyelles est quasiment achevĂ©e, et la baisse concomitante de l’activation dans le cortex auditif est cohĂ©rente avec l’hypothĂšse qu’il existerait de nouveau une adĂ©quation entre la copie d’effĂ©rence auditive et le feedback auditif externe. Pour la production de syllabes, les rĂ©sultats sont les moins pertinents parmi les 3 tĂąches. Une rĂ©organisation plus tardive, au-delĂ  de 9 mois, due Ă  la plus grande complexitĂ© de la tĂąche, pourrait en ĂȘtre une explication potentielle.This thesis investigates the cerebral correlates of the adaptation of speech production and orofacial motor skills after the exeresis of a tumor in the intraoral cavity. A special focus has been given to searching for correlates associated with a redefinition of the task’s goals, a reorganization of motor coordination, or a change in the internal representations of the peripheral motor system. Three tasks were investigated: non-audible oro-facial movements, vowel production, and syllable production. Brain activity was measured using fMRI longitudinally across 4 sessions: before surgery, and at 1, 3 and 9 months after surgery. Eleven patients and eleven healthy subjects were recorded. For the patients only, 3 additional kinds of data were collected in parallel to the fMRI, in order to assess, at each stage of the clinical process, the improvement of oro-facial motor skills: scores assessing orofacial praxis, acoustic speech signal, and a self-evaluation of speech production quality. Three statistical analyses were run on the fMRI data: (1) a “whole brain” analysis, which is based on brain activity amplitudes; (2) an analysis of the localization of the strongest activity in the primary motor cortex; (3) an analysis of Regions of Interest located in the speech production/perception cerebral network, using a General Linear Model. In this third analysis, the independent “Group” factor has been replaced by a continuous covariable, called “Motor Adaptation Index” (MAI), that quantitatively measures the degradation of speech production 1 month after surgery, and then its improvement in the subsequent months. The main effects of the “Group” (or MAI), “Session” and “Task” factors have been estimated, together with their interactions.All the tasks and all the sessions taken together, patients show significantly lower activity than healthy subjects in the orofacial sensorimotor regions. Significant main effects of the “Session” factor are also observed for all the tasks, for the patients as well as for the healthy subjects. Only non-audible motor tasks and vowel production tasks show for the “Session” factor effects that are significantly different for the patients and the healthy subjects. For non-audible lingual movements, 1 month after surgery, the patients show a high level of activity in the Superior Parietal Lobule (SPL) and DorsoLateral PreFrontal Cortex (DLPFC). For patients’ vowel production, 3 months after surgery activity decreases in the cerebellum and strongly increases in the Inferior Parietal Lobule (IPL), while from 3 to 9 months after surgery, the activity increases in the motor regions (Primary Motor Cortex, Supplementary Motor Area), and decreases in the Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG). In addition, 1 month after the surgery, patients show, for all tasks, Primary Motor Cortex activity located more dorsally than in the other sessions.For non-audible oro-facial motor tasks, our results suggest that immediately after surgery patients might have to re-tune their internal model of the peripheral motor system (SPL activity), which is no longer accurate, while redefining their coordination strategies (DLPFC activity). For vowel production, a more skilled and demanding task, stronger modifications of the patients’ internal model could be necessary 3 months after surgery. Nine months after surgery, the simultaneous increase of activity in the motor regions and decrease of activity in the STG suggest for vowel production that the adaptation has almost been achieved, with regained consistency between the efferent copy and auditory feedback. Syllable production tasks show no significant patient specific changes across sessions, possibly due to the greater complexity of the task as compared to the other two

    Corrélats cérébraux de l'adaptation de la parole aprÚs exérÚse de la cavité orale

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    This thesis investigates the cerebral correlates of the adaptation of speech production and orofacial motor skills after the exeresis of a tumor in the intraoral cavity. A special focus has been given to searching for correlates associated with a redefinition of the task’s goals, a reorganization of motor coordination, or a change in the internal representations of the peripheral motor system. Three tasks were investigated: non-audible oro-facial movements, vowel production, and syllable production. Brain activity was measured using fMRI longitudinally across 4 sessions: before surgery, and at 1, 3 and 9 months after surgery. Eleven patients and eleven healthy subjects were recorded. For the patients only, 3 additional kinds of data were collected in parallel to the fMRI, in order to assess, at each stage of the clinical process, the improvement of oro-facial motor skills: scores assessing orofacial praxis, acoustic speech signal, and a self-evaluation of speech production quality. Three statistical analyses were run on the fMRI data: (1) a “whole brain” analysis, which is based on brain activity amplitudes; (2) an analysis of the localization of the strongest activity in the primary motor cortex; (3) an analysis of Regions of Interest located in the speech production/perception cerebral network, using a General Linear Model. In this third analysis, the independent “Group” factor has been replaced by a continuous covariable, called “Motor Adaptation Index” (MAI), that quantitatively measures the degradation of speech production 1 month after surgery, and then its improvement in the subsequent months. The main effects of the “Group” (or MAI), “Session” and “Task” factors have been estimated, together with their interactions.All the tasks and all the sessions taken together, patients show significantly lower activity than healthy subjects in the orofacial sensorimotor regions. Significant main effects of the “Session” factor are also observed for all the tasks, for the patients as well as for the healthy subjects. Only non-audible motor tasks and vowel production tasks show for the “Session” factor effects that are significantly different for the patients and the healthy subjects. For non-audible lingual movements, 1 month after surgery, the patients show a high level of activity in the Superior Parietal Lobule (SPL) and DorsoLateral PreFrontal Cortex (DLPFC). For patients’ vowel production, 3 months after surgery activity decreases in the cerebellum and strongly increases in the Inferior Parietal Lobule (IPL), while from 3 to 9 months after surgery, the activity increases in the motor regions (Primary Motor Cortex, Supplementary Motor Area), and decreases in the Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG). In addition, 1 month after the surgery, patients show, for all tasks, Primary Motor Cortex activity located more dorsally than in the other sessions.For non-audible oro-facial motor tasks, our results suggest that immediately after surgery patients might have to re-tune their internal model of the peripheral motor system (SPL activity), which is no longer accurate, while redefining their coordination strategies (DLPFC activity). For vowel production, a more skilled and demanding task, stronger modifications of the patients’ internal model could be necessary 3 months after surgery. Nine months after surgery, the simultaneous increase of activity in the motor regions and decrease of activity in the STG suggest for vowel production that the adaptation has almost been achieved, with regained consistency between the efferent copy and auditory feedback. Syllable production tasks show no significant patient specific changes across sessions, possibly due to the greater complexity of the task as compared to the other two.Ce travail Ă©tudie les corrĂ©lats cĂ©rĂ©braux de l’adaptation de la parole et de la motricitĂ© oro-faciale aprĂšs l’exĂ©rĂšse chirurgicale d’une tumeur intra-orale. Une attention particuliĂšre est portĂ©e Ă  la recherche de corrĂ©lats rĂ©vĂ©lant une redĂ©finition des buts de la tĂąche, une rĂ©organisation de la coordination motrice, et une modification des reprĂ©sentations internes du systĂšme moteur.Trois tĂąches ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es : production de mouvements oro-faciaux silencieux ; production de voyelles ; production de syllabes. Les activitĂ©s cĂ©rĂ©brales ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©es par IRM fonctionnelle au cours de 4 sessions, en prĂ©-opĂ©ratoire, puis 1 mois, 3 mois et 9 mois aprĂšs la chirurgie. Onze patients et onze sujets sains ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©s. Pour les patients, trois types de donnĂ©es informant sur leur rĂ©cupĂ©ration motrice ont Ă©tĂ© acquis aux mĂȘmes pĂ©riodes : donnĂ©es praxiques ; signal acoustique de parole ; auto-Ă©valuation de la qualitĂ© de parole. Trois analyses statistiques ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es sur les donnĂ©es cĂ©rĂ©brales : (1) une analyse « cerveau entier » sur les amplitudes des activations ; (2) une analyse de la localisation de l’activation principale dans le cortex moteur primaire ; (3) une analyse en rĂ©gions d’intĂ©rĂȘt dans le rĂ©seau cĂ©rĂ©bral de la parole, via un modĂšle linĂ©aire gĂ©nĂ©ral dans lequel le facteur Groupe (Patients/Sains) a Ă©tĂ© remplacĂ© par une covariable continue, l’« Indice d’Adaptation Motrice » ou « IAM », mesurant le niveau de dĂ©gradation de la parole, puis son amĂ©lioration dans les mois suivants l’opĂ©ration. Les effets et les interactions des facteurs Groupe (ou IAM), Session et TĂąche sur la variable dĂ©pendante ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s. Toutes tĂąches et toutes sessions confondues, les patients se distinguent des sujets sains par une activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale plus faible dans les zones sensori-motrices oro-faciales. Des effets de la session sont observĂ©s pour toutes les tĂąches, pour les patients et les sujets sains. Seules les tĂąches de motricitĂ© silencieuse et de production des voyelles rĂ©vĂšlent des effets de la session sur l’activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale significativement diffĂ©rents pour les patients et les sujets sains. Ainsi, pour la motricitĂ© silencieuse, 1 mois aprĂšs l’opĂ©ration, les patients montrent, pour la tĂąche linguale, une forte activitĂ© dans le Lobule PariĂ©tal SupĂ©rieur (LPS) et dans le Cortex PrĂ©-Frontal Dorso-LatĂ©ral (CPFDL). Pour les voyelles, 3 mois aprĂšs la chirurgie, l’activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale des patients dĂ©croĂźt dans le cervelet et croĂźt fortement dans le Lobule PariĂ©tal InfĂ©rieur ; de 3 Ă  9 mois aprĂšs la chirurgie, l’activitĂ© croĂźt dans les zones motrices (Cortex Moteur Primaire et Aire Motrice SupplĂ©mentaire) et elle dĂ©croĂźt dans le Gyrus Temporal SupĂ©rieur. Les patients montrent aussi 1 mois aprĂšs l’opĂ©ration, tous articulateurs confondus, une localisation plus dorsale de l’activitĂ© dans le Cortex Moteur Primaire. Pour des tĂąches motrices silencieuses, nos observations suggĂšrent que, immĂ©diatement aprĂšs l’opĂ©ration, les patients pourraient rĂ©actualiser leur modĂšle interne du systĂšme moteur (activitĂ© dans le LPS), devenu imprĂ©cis, tout en rĂ©-Ă©laborant leurs stratĂ©gies de coordination (activitĂ© dans le CPFDL). Pour la production des voyelles, tĂąche plus complexe et plus prĂ©cise, nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que 3 mois aprĂšs l’opĂ©ration, les patients utiliseraient moins les modĂšles internes devenus trop imprĂ©cis. Le retour Ă  une activation forte dans les zones motrices 9 mois aprĂšs l’intervention suggĂšre que l’adaptation de la production des voyelles est quasiment achevĂ©e, et la baisse concomitante de l’activation dans le cortex auditif est cohĂ©rente avec l’hypothĂšse qu’il existerait de nouveau une adĂ©quation entre la copie d’effĂ©rence auditive et le feedback auditif externe. Pour la production de syllabes, les rĂ©sultats sont les moins pertinents parmi les 3 tĂąches. Une rĂ©organisation plus tardive, au-delĂ  de 9 mois, due Ă  la plus grande complexitĂ© de la tĂąche, pourrait en ĂȘtre une explication potentielle

    Comment analyser la voix humaine dans la parole et dans le chant ? Les outils scientifiques et méthodes de la recherche fondamentale à disposition de la recherche clinique sur la voix et leurs implications en orthophonie

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    National audienceCet article s’intĂ©resse Ă  la question de l’analyse de la voix humaine dans la parole et dans le chant et prĂ©sente l’approche actuelle mise en Ɠuvre par les scientifiques. AprĂšs une description de nombreuses techniques exploratoires qui s’articulent autour des niveaux fondamentaux de la production de la voix et de la parole que sont la respiration, la phonation et l’articulation, une rĂ©flexion mĂ©thodologique est proposĂ©e. La question des possibilitĂ©s et limites de la mesure est discutĂ©e, ainsi que la façon dont ces outils peuvent ĂȘtre appliquĂ©s dans un cadre clinique, dans la pratique orthophonique quotidienne. Des cas concrets permettent d’illustrer la mise en pratique de ces outils dans le contexte actuel de la recherche scientifique sur la production de la voix parlĂ©e et chantĂ©e.Cet article s'intĂ©resse Ă  la question de l'analyse de la voix humaine dans la parole et dans le chant et prĂ©sente l'approche actuelle mise en oeuvre par les scientifiques. AprĂšs une description de nombreuses techniques exploratoires qui s'articulent autour des niveaux fondamentaux de la production de la voix et de la parole que sont la respiration, la phonation et l'articulation, une rĂ©flexion mĂ©thodologique est proposĂ©e. La question des possibilitĂ©s et limites de la mesure est discutĂ©e, ainsi que la façon dont ces outils peuvent ĂȘtre appliquĂ©s dans un cadre clinique, dans la pratique orthophonique quotidienne. Des cas concrets permettent d'illustrer la mise en pratique de ces outils dans le contexte actuel de la recherche scientifique sur la production de la voix parlĂ©e et chantĂ©e. Mots-clĂ©s : analyse de la voix, phonĂ©tique clinique, mĂ©thodes et outils scientifiques, prĂ©cision et incertitude Abstract : This paper focuses on the question of human-voice analysis in speech and singing. Current approach conducted by speech and voice scientists is presented. Several assessment techniques are described, related to the foundations of voice and speech production: breathing, phonation, and articulation. The possibilities and limitations of the measurement tools are discussed, together with their applicability in clinical practice and in a daily speech therapy. Practical examples illustrate the way these experimental tools are currently applied in a scientific research approach of voice production in speech and singing

    Speech production after glossectomy: Methodological aspects

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    International audienceArticulatory and acoustic signals recorded from 2 patients who underwent the resection of a tongue carcinoma were analyzed longitudinally. The data were recorded before and after intra-oral surgery (1 month and 3 months after).Lingual movements were recorded with ultrasound. We focused on the lingual stop consonants and the lingual sibilants of French. The analysis was based on spectral moments (COG, skewness, kurtosis) and VOT. Recording ultrasound data requires a calibration which measures the position of the probe in reference to the subject's head. This is classically done with an optical system. However such an experimental setup cannot be easily used with patients in a clinical context. Hence, the analysis of the articulatory data required elaborating a methodology enabling to compensate a posteriori for the absence of calibration.. It was based on 2 measurements: (1) the variation rate of the area of the tongue section in the mid-sagittal plane, which is a way to assess tongue mobility, and the height of the highest point of the tongue, which is a way to assess tongue deformation. A perceptual evaluation of the consonants in pre- and post-surgery conditions was also carried out by speech therapists,. This serves as a reference to evaluate the discrimination capacity of the proposed acoustic and articulatory analysis. Results Acoustics: For both subjects, the Skewness is the most efficient spectral parameter to account for the results of the perceptual evaluation for sibilants in context /i/ and /a/. VOT is relevant to characterize articulation changes in [ka] and in [ga]. Articulatory data: Bad perception scores in post-surgery conditions were associated with a a low lingual mobility for a patient and with a low capacity to shape the tongue for the other one. Compensation: Differences still exists between the consonants in pre- and in post-operation conditions. Three months is not a sufficient delay to recover the articulation on these consonants

    Caractérisation acoustique et articulatoire (avec échographie en 2D) de la parole de deux patients hémiglossectomisés

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    National audienceNous avons recueilli des donnĂ©es longitudinales acoustiques et articulatoires sur un Ă©chantillon de 2 patients (un homme et une femme) ayant subi une hĂ©miglossectomie droite avec reconstruction par lambeau infra-hyoĂŻdien. Nous avons comparĂ© les donnĂ©es de deux sujets contrĂŽles et des patients en prĂ©- et post-opĂ©ratoire (Ă  1 mois et 3 mois de l'intervention). Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  cet objectif, nous avons utilisĂ© un corpus de logatomes que nous avons segmentĂ© sous Praat afin d'isoler les sĂ©quences VCV oĂč V = /i, u, a/ et C est une des consonnes linguales du français. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une analyse acoustique avec caractĂ©risation acoustique des productions consonantiques Ă  partir de l'enveloppe spectrale et de son Ă©volution temporelle sous Matlab. Une premiĂšre Ă©valuation perceptive a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un schlintement en post-opĂ©ratoire. Nous avons donc fait l'hypothĂšse d'un dĂ©placement vers les frĂ©quences basses des caractĂ©ristiques spectrales, ce qui devrait ĂȘtre associĂ© Ă  un accroissement du coefficient de dissymĂ©trie (Right Skewed) et Ă  un centre de gravitĂ© du bruit plus grave. Une modification de la coordination au sein des sĂ©quences CV pourrait ĂȘtre dĂ©montrĂ©e par un allongement des durĂ©es de VOT. Le travail de caractĂ©risation spectrale est en cours, les rĂ©sultats seront donnĂ©s dans le papier final. Nous Ă©tablirons un lien entre ces donnĂ©es acoustiques quantitatives et les donnĂ©es articulatoires dont nous espĂ©rons tirer des conclusions prochainement

    Méthodologie en IRM fonctionnelle pour l'étude des activations corticales associées au réapprentissage de la parole

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    International audienceIn order to validate an fMRI experiment, four participants were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging while executing oro-facial movements, vowel and syllable production. This protocol will be used with patients who underwent oral resection. The study's results should contribute to better understand cognitive processes associated with speech production. The three motor tasks activated a set of common brain areas classically involved in motor control and temporal areas involved in speech. These results support previous brain imaging studies and validate our protocolNous présentons ici un protocole expérimental d'imagerie fonctionnelle et sa validation sur quatre sujets pilotes. Il est destiné à étudier les activations corticales associées au réapprentissage de la parole aprÚs exérÚse carcinologique au niveau du conduit vocal. Trois tùches parole et non parole sont étudiées : mouvement oro-facial silencieux, production de voyelles et de syllabes. Les résultats observés apparaissent en accord avec la littérature - notamment l'activation commune aux trois tùches de régions dédiées au contrÎle moteur oro-facial ainsi que l'implication des aires temporales auditives lors des tùches de parole - et valident le protocole expérimental d'acquisition IRMf utilisé
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