Efecto de tres niveles de reposición hídrica sobre la concentración de polifenoles totales en hojas de maqui, Aristotelia chilensis. (Mol.)Stuntz

43 p.En los últimos años se ha despertado gran interés por la investigación del maqui Aristotelia chilensis. (Mol.) Stuntz, debido a los elevados niveles fenólicos que esta especie posee. Durante los meses Noviembre 2010 / Marzo 2011 en la Estación Experimental Panguilemo, se realizó un ensayo cuyo objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de tres niveles de reposición hídrica sobre plantas de maqui. El ensayo consistió en aplicar tres reposiciones hídricas, correspondientes al 33% (T1), 66% (T2) y 100% (T3) de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ET0), la cual fue calculada por el modelo de Penman-Monteith. Las variables evaluadas fueron el potencial hídrico del xilema al medio día (ψX), concentración de polifenoles totales en hojas y la altura de la planta al final de la temporada. Los resultados indicaron que el potencial hídrico del xilema al medio día (ψX) presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p≤0,05) entre los tratamientos. T1 (33%) presentó los mayores niveles de restricción hídrica con valores observados de ψx entre -0,99 y -1,23 MPa. El segundo tratamiento T2 (66%) presentó valores de potencial hídrico entre -0,97 y -0,81 MPa, y el T3 (100%) valores entre -0,71 y -0,64 MPa. Por otro lado la concentración de polifenoles totales en hojas y la altura de planta, no se vieron significativamente afectadas por los tratamientos de riego./ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT: In recent years interest on the research of maqui Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, has been increasing due to the high concentration of phenolics in fruits and leaves. In a plantation established at the experimental station Panguilemo effects of three levels of water reposition on two year old plants were evaluated in the second season, from November 2010 to march 2011. The treatments consisted in 33% (T1), 66% (T2) and 100% (T3) of the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), which was calculated by the Penman-Monteith model. The variables evaluated were the xylem water potential at midday (ψX), total polyphenol concentration in leaves and plant height at the end of the season. The results indicated that the xylem water potential at midday (ψX) showed statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between treatments. T1 (33%) had the highest levels of water restriction with values of between -0.99 and -1.23 ψx MPa. The second treatment (66%) had values between -0.97 and water potential -0.81 MPa, and T3 (100%) values between -0.71 and -0.64 MPa. On the other hand, the total polyphenol concentration in leaves and plant height were not significantly affected by irrigation treatments

Association Study Among Candidate Genetic Polymorphisms and Chemotherapy-Related Severe Toxicity in Testicular Cancer Patients

Testicular cancer is one of the most commonly occurring malignant tumors in young men with fourfold higher rate of incidence and threefold higher mortality rates in Chile than the average global rates. Surgery is the initial line of treatment for testicular cancers, and is generally followed by chemotherapy, usually with combinations of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP). However, the adverse effects of chemotherapy vary significantly among individuals; therefore, the present study explored the association of functionally significant allelic variations in genes related to the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of BEP and DNA repair enzymes with chemotherapy-induced toxicity in BEP-treated testicular cancer patients. We prospectively recruited 119 patients diagnosed with testicular cancer from 2010 to 2017. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR and/or qPCR with TaqMan®probes. Toxicity was evaluated based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, v4.03. After univariate analyses to define more relevant genetic variants (p < 0.2) and clinical conditions in relation to severe (III–IV) adverse drug reactions (ADRs), stepwise forward multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. As expected, the main severe ADRs associated with the non-genetic variables were hematological (neutropenia and leukopenia). Univariate statistical analyses revealed that patients with ERCC2 rs13181 T/G and/or CYP3A4 rs2740574 A/G genotypes are more likely to develop alopecia; patients with ERCC2 rs238406 C/C genotype may develop leukopenia, and patients with GSTT1-null genotype could develop lymphocytopenia (III–IV). Patients with ERCC2 rs1799793 A/A were at risk of developing severe anemia. The BLMH rs1050565 G/G genotype was found to be associated with pain, and the GSTP1 G/G genotype was linked infection (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed an association between specific ERCC1/2 genotypes and cumulative dose of BEP drugs with the appearance of severe leukopenia and/or febrile neutropenia. Grades III–IV vomiting, nausea, and alopecia could be partly explained by the presence of specific ERCC1/2, MDR1, GSTP1, and BLMH genotypes (p < 0.05). Hence, we provide evidence for the usefulness of pharmacogenetics as a tool for predicting severe ADRs in testicular cancer patients treated with BEP chemotherapy

Casos Radiológicos. Historia Clínica

Sin resume

Club Deportivo y Cultural Los Volantines

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN MARKETINGLos Volantines es una organización sin fines de lucro cuya personalidad jurídica fue otorgada por el Instituto Nacional de Deporte en marzo de 2015, lo cual constituye la formalización inicial del trabajo colaborativo que venía realizando un grupo de amigos desde agosto de 2013. Los miembros del equipo de trabajo de la organización tienen una profunda orientación a la labor social, lo que se ve reflejado en la gran dedicación que ponen para la correcta ejecución de todas las actividades que se realizan, aun cuando esto no genere ingresos monetarios en el corto plazo. El presente Plan de Marketing tiene el objetivo inicial de generar la formalización de los procesos internos de la organización, para posteriormente definir una planificación estratégica de las acciones de marketing que se deben realizar en el corto plazo con el objetivo general de buscar la sustentabilidad, lo cual involucra el periodo Junio 2016 - Julio 2017. Lo antes mencionado determina que sea un plan en ejecución y por ende se ha enfrentado a la necesidad de adaptarse a los cambios organizacionales de la actualidad. Los Volantines se articula a través de los ejes de trabajo Comunitario, Artístico y Formación, los que determinan diversos servicios que se dirigen a grupos objetivo con necesidades muy particulares. No obstante, para el presente Plan de Marketing se han buscado puntos comunes entre los grupos para poder determinar la forma más efectiva de ejecutar las estrategias del mix de marketing. Teniendo en mente la industria de corto plazo, los grupos objetivo se clasifican en tres categorías: Beneficiarios/usuarios, facilitadores de artes circenses y benefactores. La organización busca tener una propuesta de valor y posicionamiento transversal, en la que se combinan elementos funcionales, emocionales y simbólicos, pero para cada uno de los grupos objetivo se destacan distintos matices en función de quienes son sus receptores. En términos generales, Los Volantines pretende posicionarse como un proyecto social que busca, a través del circo, generar espacios de creatividad y aprendizaje que desarrollen nuevas formas de comunicación entre las personas, para la construcción de una educación integral que fortalezca el pensamiento crítico, el desarrollo emocional, la diversidad y la colaboración

Una comparación de metodologías para el modelado de aplicaciones web

Dentro de la ingeniería web se han desarrollado una serie de metodologías para el modelado de aplicaciones web que apuntan a resolver distintos problemas existentes en el desarrollo de este tipo de software. Tanto para los investigadores, como para desarrolladores de software no es trivial identificar y conocer las diferencias entre una y otra metodología por el gran número de propuestas existentes y la complejidad de ellas. En vista de esto, este artículo expone criterios transversales y criterios específicos que permiten la comparación de metodologías con el fin de reconocer las diferencias que hay entre ellas. Con estos criterios, se realizó la comparación entre las metodologías más reconocidas considerando el cumplimiento de los criterios expuestos y se analizaron los resultados obtenidos, lo que permitió considerar las características de cada tipo de propuesta. Con esta comparativa se pudo verificar que las metodologías más potentes tienden a abarcar distintos elementos  de todas las clasificaciones de metodologías, pues así se toman en cuenta muchos más aspectos de la web que otras propuestas que se centran en brindar solución a un tipo de problema especifico

Regulation of the sodium-phosphate cotransporter Pit-1 and its role in vascular calcification

Vascular calcification is caused by the deposition of basic calcium phosphate crystals in blood vessels, myocardium, and/or cardiac valves. Calcification decreases artery wall compliance, and arterial calcification is associated to mortality in hyperphosphatemic renal failure and diabetes mellitus. The calcification of the tunica media characterizes the arteriosclerosis observed with age, diabetes and end stage-renal disease, and it can develop independently from intima calcification. As part of the vascular calcification mechanism, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) experience a transition from a contractile to an osteochondrogenic phenotype and a sequence of molecular events that are typical of endochondral ossification. The current evidence indicates a key role of increased phosphate uptake by VSMC for calcification, which supplies the substrate for hydroxyapatite formation and could trigger or potentiate VSMC transdiferentiation. The present review analyzes the sodium-phosphate c

Correlation Between Primary Tumor Pathologic Features and Presence of Clinical Metastasis at Diagnosis of Testicular Seminoma

To compare several risk factors in the testicular biopsy of patients with pure seminoma with and without clinical metastasis at diagnosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients with pure seminoma. The retroperitoneum was staged with computed tomography and the thorax with simple radiography and/or computed tomography, taking into account the original reports and clinical stage. The previous reports and original pathology plates were reviewed by pathologists who were unaware of the clinical stage of the patients. Patients with beta-human chorionic gonadotropin greater than 800 mUI/mL were excluded. RESULTS A total of 86 patients had sufficient data and comprised the study cohort. Of the 86 patients, 62 had clinical Stage I (72%), 20 had Stage II (23%), and 4 had Stage III (5%). On univariate analysis, tumor size greater than 4 cm (P 0.0135), testicular vascular invasion (P 0.0042), rete testis invasion (P 0.0002), tunica albuginea penetration (P 0.00001), base of the spermatic cord invasion (P 0.0002), epididymis invasion (P 0.001), and vascular invasion of the cord (P 0.024) were predictive of metastasis. On multivariate analysis, tumor size greater than 6 cm (odds ratio 6.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 35, P 0.02) and rete testis invasion (odds ratio 6.1, confidence interval 1.2 to 30, P 0.025) remained as important predictors of metastasis (tumor size less than 6 cm was not significant on multivariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study have demonstrated that rete testis invasion and tumor size correlate independently with the presence of clinical metastasis at diagnosis of testicular seminoma

Adsorption of poly(mono-n-alkylmaleate-alt-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) sodium salts at air/water interface

The surface properties of poly(mono-n-alkylmaleate-alt-N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidone) sodium salts derivatives with n=8, 10, 12, 16, and 18 carbon atoms in the side chain were analyzed. The surface tension behavior suggests that the adsorption at the surface is competitive with the polyelectrolyte "micellization" in the bulk. In fact, polyelectrolytes containing shorter side chains are more active at the surface than are polyelectrolytes with larger lateral chains. The contributions to the standard free energy of the adsorption process, related with their efficiency and effectiveness, were +1.07 kJ and -0.61 kJ per mole of methylene group, respectively. A positive value for the incremental free energy suggests that the gradual addition of methylene groups to the polyelectrolyte side chain actually stabilizes the polyelectrolyte in the bulk solution, whereas a negative value makes the packing process of the polyelectrolyte hydrophobic tails more spontaneous in an arrangement normal to the sur

Joint effect among p53, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphism combinations and smoking on prostate cancer risk: an exploratory genotype-environment interaction study

Aim: To assess the role of several genetic factors in combination with an environmental factor as modulators of prostate cancer risk. We focus on allele variants of low-penetrance genes associated with cell control, the detoxification processes and smoking. Methods: In a case-control study we compared people carrying p53cd72 Pro allele, CYP1A1 M1 allele and GSTM1 null genotypes with their prostate cancer risk. Results: The joint risk for smokers carrying Pro* and M1*, Pro* and GSTM1null or GSTM1 null and CYP1A1 M1* variants was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR]: 13.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41-71.36; OR: 3.97, 95% CI: 1.13-13.95 and OR: 6.87, 95% Cl: 1.68-27.97, respectively) compared with that for the reference group, and for non-smokers was not significant. OR for combinations among p53cd72, GSTM1 and CYP1A1 M I in smokers were positively and significantly associated with prostate cancer risk compared with non-smokers and compared with the Putative lowest risk group (OR: 8.87, 95% CI: 1.25-62.71). Conclusion: Our results suggest that a combination of p53cd72, CYP1A1, GSTM1 alleles and smoking plays a significant role in modified prostate cancer risk on the study population, which means that smokers carrying susceptible genotypes might have a significantly higher risk than those carrying non-susceptible genotypes