Evaluación de la susceptibilidad y autoeficacia ante el VIH/sida en profesionales de Estomatología

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the diseases that has had the greatest social impact and affects millions of people.Objective: to identify the susceptibility and self-efficacy of the health professionals of the Faculty of Stomatology of the Benemérita Autonomous University of Puebla (FEBUAP) against the HIV / AIDS virus.Method: it was a descriptive observational study. 250 students and 50 FEBUAP teachers were included, with prior voluntary acceptance and signed informed consent, selected by means of a convenience sample. The HIV/AIDS-65 scale was applied, an instrument with proven validity and reliability for the evaluation of the subscales of the instrument (Cronbach alpha 0.79), proposed by Paniagua in 1998 and adapted to Spanish by Bermúdez, Buela-Casal & Uribe in 2005.Results: with respect to self-efficacy, the students demonstrated superiority. In the susceptibility, the belief of the possibility of contracting the virus was higher in teachers (64% vs. 48%). The belief that only homosexuals should worry about contagion was higher in teachers (92%). We found a higher self-efficacy in students and a better susceptibility in teachers.Conclusions: it is necessary to strengthen strategies that reinforce concepts and behaviors against HIV / AIDS.Introdução: O HIV/AIDS é uma das doenças que mais impactou socialmente e afeta milhões de pessoas.Objetivo: identificar a suscetibilidade e autoeficácia dos profissionais de saúde da Faculdade de Estomatologia da Universidade Autônoma de Benemérita de Puebla (FEBUAP) contra o vírus HIV/AIDS.Método: foi um estudo observacional descritivo. Foram incluídos 250 alunos e 50 professores da FEBUAP, com prévia aceitação voluntária e termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, selecionados por meio de amostra de conveniência. escala VIH/SIDA-65 foi aplicado, e instrumento válido para avaliar a fiabilidade comprovada das subescalas do instrumento (alfa Cronbach 0,79), proposto pela Paniagua em 1998 e adaptadas para o espanhol por Bermudez, Buela-Casal & Uribe em 2005.Resultados: com relação à autoeficácia, os estudantes demonstraram superioridade. Na suscetibilidade, a crença na possibilidade de contrair o vírus foi maior nos professores (64% vs. 48%). A crença de que apenas os homossexuais deveriam se preocupar com o contágio era maior nos professores (92%). Encontramos uma maior autoeficácia nos alunos e uma melhor susceptibilidade nos professores.Conclusões: é necessário fortalecer estratégias que reforcem conceitos e comportamentos contra o HIV/AIDS.Introducción: el VIH/sida es una de las enfermedades que mayor repercusión social ha tenido y afecta a millones de personas.Objetivo: identificar la susceptibilidad y la autoeficacia de los profesionales de la salud de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (FEBUAP) frente al  virus VIH/sida.Método: se trató de un estudio observacional descriptivo. Se incluyeron 250 alumnos y 50 docentes de la FEBUAP, con previa aceptación voluntaria y firma de consentimiento informado, seleccionados mediante una muestra por conveniencia. Se aplicó la Escala VIH/SIDA-65, instrumento con validez y confiabilidad demostrada para la evaluación de las subescalas del instrumento (alfa de Cronbach 0,79), propuesta por Paniagua en 1998 y adaptada al español por Bermúdez, Buela-Casal & Uribe en 2005.Resultados: con respecto a la autoeficacia, los alumnos demostraron superioridad. En la susceptibilidad, la creencia de la posibilidad de contraer el virus fue mayor en docentes (64 % vs. 48 %). La creencia de que solo homosexuales debieran preocuparse por el contagio fue mayor en docentes (92 %). Se encontró una autoeficacia mayor en alumnos y una mejor susceptibilidad en docentes.Conclusiones: es necesario fortalecer estrategias que refuercen conceptos y comportamientos frente al VIH/sid

Accurate and inaccurate HIV transmission beliefs, stigmatizing and HIV protection motivation in northern Thailand

We assessed the relation between accurate beliefs about HIV transmission and inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission and emotional reactions to people with AIDS (PWA) and AIDS risk groups, stigmatizing attitudes and motivation to protect from HIV. In Chiang Rai, northern Thailand, 219 respondents filled in a structured questionnaire assessing accurate and inaccurate HIV transmission beliefs, emotional reactions towards PWA and AIDS risk groups, stigmatizing attitudes and motivation to protect from HIV according to variables from Protection Motivation Theory. Complete accurate beliefs about documented modes of HIV transmission were present in 47% of the respondents, while 26% of the respondents held one or more inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission. Incomplete beliefs about documented modes of transmission were significantly related to stigmatizing beliefs towards people with AIDS (PWA), to lower vulnerability of HIV infection and lower selfefficacy in protection. Those who held inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission reported more fear towards PWA and homosexuals and more irritation towards PWA and commercial sex workers. Persons who held inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission also reported more stigmatizing attitudes, perceived AIDS as less severe, perceived a lower vulnerability and were less motivated to use condoms. Results of this study suggest that inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission are related to fear and stigmatizing and undermine HIV prevention behaviour