Algorithmic Decision-Making and Discrimination in Developing Countries

This article seeks to investigate how developing countries can ensure that algorithmic decision-making does not leave protected groups in their jurisdictions exposed to unlawful discrimination that would be almost impossible to prevent or prove. The article shows that universally, longstanding methods used to prevent and prove discrimination will struggle when confronted with algorithmic decision-making. It then argues that while some of the proposed solutions to this issue are promising, they cannot be successfully implemented in a vast majority of developing countries because these countries lack the necessary institutional foundation. The key features of this institutional foundation include: (i) a wellrooted culture of transparency and statistical analysis of the disparities faced by protected groups; (ii) vigilant non-government actors attentive to algorithmic decision-making; and (iii) a reasonably robust and proactive executive branch or an independent office to police discrimination. This article argues that antidiscrimination advocates need to pay special attention to these three issues to ensure that the use of algorithms in developing countries is contemplative and avoidant of proven negative and discriminatory outcomes

Voltage Stability Improvement Using the 21st Century Power Transformer

The 21st Century Power Transformer is produced by combining modern high voltage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable technology with conventional transformer. The technique of solid insulation is adopted in the new dry transformer so that the pollution from leakage of insulating oil can be avoided, and so XLPE cable-winding transformer is very suitable in environment sensitive places such as populous cities, hydropower stations, and underground caver and so on. This paper is meant to show that the marriage of the well-proven high voltage power cable technology with transformer technology sets a new standard in improving power system voltage stability. Keywords: voltage stability, Voltage collapse, Dryformer, Transformer parameters, Load flo

Voltage stability improvement using the 21st century power transformer

Published by Innovative Systems Design and EngineeringThe 21st Century Power Transformer is produced by combining modern high voltage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable technology with conventional transformer. The technique of solid insulation is adopted in the new dry transformer so that the pollution from leakage of insulating oil can be avoided, and so XLPE cable-winding transformer is very suitable in environment sensitive places such as populous cities, hydropower stations, and underground caver and so on. This paper is meant to show that the marriage of the well-proven high voltage power cable technology with transformer technology sets a new standard in improving power system voltage stability.The 21st Century Power Transformer is produced by combining modern high voltage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable technology with conventional transformer. The technique of solid insulation is adopted in the new dry transformer so that the pollution from leakage of insulating oil can be avoided, and so XLPE cable-winding transformer is very suitable in environment sensitive places such as populous cities, hydropower stations, and underground caver and so on. This paper is meant to show that the marriage of the well-proven high voltage power cable technology with transformer technology sets a new standard in improving power system voltage stability

The Combined Contribution of Bus Voltage and Frequency of a High Voltage AC in Load Shedding

Load shedding schemes proposed in literature so far use voltage and frequency parameters separately.  The individual consideration of these indices may not be reliable or effective, and may even lead to the over load shedding problems. Analysis of under-frequency load shedding is often done using the system frequency response models. The impact of voltage variation on the frequency deviation is not considered in these models. Furthermore, the under-voltage load shedding methods that are proposed for adjusting the under-voltage relays, do not consider the frequency behavior. This paper focuses on establishing the variation and the extent of dependence of these parameters on each other whenever a power system undergoes a disturbance due to loss of a transmission line or a generator. Keywords- Voltage stability, Frequency stability, under frequency load shedding, under voltage load shedding

Effect of Science Process Skills Teaching Strategy on Boys and Girls’ Achievement in Chemistry in Nyando District, Kenya

Science process skills are central to the acquisition of scientific knowledge which is useful in solving problems in our society. This study was intended to compare the effect of science process skills teaching strategy (SPSTS) on boys and girls’ achievement in chemistry.  The study employed quasi-experimental design. The target population consisted of students in the secondary schools in Nyando District. Purposive sampling was used to obtain two district secondary schools  to ensure that the number of boys and girls in each school was about the same. The samples consisted of 90 Form Three students drawn from two district secondary schools.  The study covered two topics selected from the KCSE Chemistry syllabus, that is, Volumetric analysis (Titration) and Qualitative analysis. .Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) consisting of simple calculations, True and False items, and Fill in blanks were used as a pre-test. After the administration of treatment, which lasted five weeks, the same test was administered to the two  groups  as a post-test. The CAT was adapted from the KCSE Chemistry practical past papers.  The reliability coefficient of 0.88 was estimated for the CAT using Kuder-Richardson (K-R21). The data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA at a = 0.05  level of significance. The results revealed that SPSTS made significant difference on achievement in chemistry between boys and girls. Keywords: science process skills, achievement, chemistry, gende

History, Memory, and the Heritage of Slavery on the Kenyan Coast: The Witu and Shimoni Cases

Despite their different trajectories, the Witu and Shimoni cases are interesting to compare as they provide a contrasting perspective on the history of slavery and trafficking on the Swahili coast, as well as on the way this past has been variously understood by the contemporary coastal society and by the Kenyan state and its institutions. Today’s Witu and Shimoni are two villages: one is situated to the north of the coast, on the mainland facing the Lamu archipelago, and the other is seventy..

Histoire, mémoire et patrimoine de l’esclavage sur la côte kényane. Les cas de Witu et de Shimoni

Malgré des trajectoires différentes, les cas de Witu et de Shimoni sont intéressants à comparer tant ils fournissent un éclairage contrasté sur l’histoire de l’esclavage et de la traite sur la côte swahili, ainsi que sur la manière dont ce passé est diversement appréhendé à la fois par la société côtière contemporaine, l’État kényan et ses institutions. Witu et Shimoni sont aujourd’hui deux villages situés, pour l’un, au nord du littoral, sur le continent en face de l’archipel de Lamu, pour l..

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