Gendered self-views across 62 countries: A test of competing models

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Gendered self-views across 62 countries: a test of competing models

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings

From game characteristics to effective learning games : evaluation of a component-based quiz game

When developing learning games, emphasis should not only be put on a good integration of the learning content, but also on an engaging game design, in order to create learning tools that both train and motivate. In this paper, we examine the influence of specific game elements to both factors. Therefore, we first analyze models for the characterization of game elements. We then apply an adapted model to the design of a component-based learning game based on a quiz. Various game elements can be added to the game dynamically. This includes, among others, different forms of presentation, challenge, competition and constraints. Using this application we performed a user study to evaluate which game elements are most effective in delivering knowledge as well as in fostering motivation. Results show that a combination of game elements is suited best for influencing both factors positively

The Network Architecture of the Connection Machine CM-5

The Connection Machine Model CM-5 Supercomputer is a massively parallel computer system designed to offer performance in the range of 1 teraflops (10 12 floating-point operations per second). The CM-5 obtains its high performance while offering ease of programming, flexibility, and reliability. The machine contains three communication networks: a data network, a control network, and a diagnostic network. This paper describes the organization of these three networks and how they contribute to the design goals of the CM-5. 1 Introduction In the design of a parallel computer, the engineering principle of economy of mechanism suggests that the machine should employ only a single communication network to convey information among the processors in the system. Indeed, many parallel computers contain only a single network: typically, a hypercube or a mesh. The Connection Machine Model CM-5 Supercomputer has three networks, however, and none is a hypercube or a mesh. This paper describes the..

The Network Architecture of the Connection Machine CM-5

The Connection Machine Model CM-5 Supercomputer is a massively parallel computer system designed to offer performance in the range of 1 teraflops (10 12 floating-point operations per second). The CM-5 obtains its high performance while offering ease of programming, flexibility, and reliability. The machine contains three communication networks: a data network, a control network, and a diagnostic network. This paper describes the organization of these three networks and how they contribute to the design goals of the CM-5. 1 Introduction In the design of a parallel computer, the engineering principle of economy of mechanism suggests that the machine should employ only a single communication network to convey information among the processors in the system. Indeed, many parallel computers contain only a single network: typically, a hypercube or a mesh. The Connection Machine Model CM-5 Supercomputer has three networks, however, and none is a hypercube or a mesh. This paper describes the..