Epidemiological impact of targeted interventions for people with diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis transmission in India: Modelling based predictions.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading driver of tuberculosis (TB) disease in TB-DM burdened countries. We aimed to assess the impact on TB disease of several intervention strategies targeting people with DM in India. METHODS: A previously validated TB-DM mathematical model was extended to include interventions targeting DM individuals. The model stratified the population by age, DM status, TB infection status and stage, TB disease form, treatment, recovery, and intervention status. RESULTS: By 2050, different TB vaccination strategies (coverage of 50 % and vaccine efficacies ranging between 50 %-60 %) reduced TB incidence and mortality rates by 4.5 %-20.8 % and 4.1 %-22.1 %, respectively, and averted 3.1 %-12.8 % of TB disease cases in the total population. Number of vaccinations needed to avert one TB case (effectiveness) was 14-105. Varying the coverage levels of latent TB treatment (coverage of 50 %-80 % and drug effectiveness of 90 %) reduced TB incidence and mortality rates by 7.1 %-11.3 % and 8.2 %-13.0 %, respectively, averting 4.2 %-6.7 % of TB cases, with effectiveness of 38-40. Different scenarios for dual and concurrent treatment of those with TB and DM, reduced TB incidence and mortality rates by 0.1 %-0.4 % and 1.3 %-4.8 %, respectively, averting 0.1 %-0.2 % of TB cases, with effectiveness of 28-107. Different scenarios for managing and controlling DM (regardless of TB status) reduced TB incidence and mortality rates by 4.5 %-16.5 % and 6.5 %-22.2 %, respectively, averting 2.9 %-10.8 % of TB cases, with effectiveness of 6-24. CONCLUSION: Gains can be attained by targeting DM individuals with interventions to reduce TB burden. Most strategies were effective with <50 intervention doses needed to avert one TB disease case, informing key updates of current treatment guidelines

The degree of practice of building language skills in schools affiliated with the Education Directorate of the Kasbah of Mafraq from the point of view of first-grade teachers

This study aimed The degree of practice of building language skills in schools affiliated with the Education Directorate of the Kasbah of Mafraq from the point of view of first-grade teachers, and its relationship to gender variables, academic qualification, and years of experience. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a questionnaire in four skills, consisting of (44) items divided into four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The study members consisted of (60) male and female teachers who study the first basic grade in the Directorate of Education of the Qasbah Al Mafraq Brigade in the second academic year of the year. (2020/2021). The results of the first question showed a high degree of practice in the skill of listening, while the rest of the skills were of a moderate degree. Skills and in the total degree, the differences came in favor of higher studies, and there were statistically significant differences due to the effect of years of experience in all skills and in the total degree, and the differences came in favor of more than (10) years

The degree of including the Arabic language textbook for the fifth grade in Jordan digital culture skills in the twenty-first century

This study aimed at The degree of including the Arabic language textbook for the fifth grade in Jordan on digital culture skills in the twenty-first century, the study sample consisted of all pages of the Arabic language book for the fifth grade, except for the introduction and the list of references. The (31) skills of digital culture for the twenty-first century, divided into four main areas: It is the field of communication and information skills and it contained (8) sub-skills, and it came first, with a medium degree and a percentage (43.92%), and the field of self-reliant learning and it contained (9) subsidiary skills, and it came in the second place, with a low degree and a percentage )33.33%), And the field of computing and information technology and it contained (7) sub-skills and it came in third place, with a very low degree, with a percentage (12.94%), and the field of creativity and innovation and it contained (7) sub-skills and it came in the fourth and last place, with a very low degree, and with a percentage ( 09.80%), and it showed an imbalance in the distribution of digital culture skills for the twenty-first century, and the study recommended increased interest by book authors to include the Arabic language book for the fifth grade in Jordan digital culture skills for the twenty-first century in a balanced manner

Spectrophotometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Pseudoephedrine and Triprolidine in Bulk and Tablet Forms

A spectrophotometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine HCl (PSE) and triprolidine HCl (TRI) in bulk and dosage forms. The method involved the determination of pseudoephedrine in the presence of triprolidine using two wavelengths (257 nm and 290 nm). Beers law was obeyed in the concentration (152-760 ?g/ml) and (6.4-32 ?g/ml) with good linearity (0.9996 and 0.9996) for pseudoephedrine and triprolidine respectively. The accuracy and the precision of the developed method were very good (RSD ? 2%). The validity of the proposed method was confirmed through the statistical comparison of the obtained data with those of the official USP method

Reducing power consumption in LEO satellite network

Current low earth orbit (LEO) satellite network display poor power efficiency, running network devices at full capacity all the time regardless of the traffic matrix and the distribution of the population over the Globe. Most of the research on energy efficiency of LEO satellites has focused on component level or link level. Therefore, this kind of research is not holistic to try to look at the satellite system as a single node. To enhance the energy efficiency. The solution should exploits multipath routing and load balancing. LEO network is overprovisioned, and hence selectively shutting down some satellite nodes and links during off-peaks hours seems like a good way to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we exploit the fact that due to geographical and climatic conditions, some satellite links are expected to be loaded with data while others remain unused. Our approach is to power down satellite nodes and links during period of low traffic, while guaranteeing the connectivity and QoS. Finding the optimal solution is NP-problem and therefore, we explore in this work two heuristic algorithms. We evaluate our heuristics on a realistic LEO topology and real traffic matrices. Simulation results show that the power saving can be significant

The impact of electronic documents management on performance

The aim of this research was to study the impact of electronic documents management on performance. To accomplish this objective, the researcher prepared a questionnaire composed of two parts. The first part concerned with collecting demographic data, while the second part was concerned with collecting data and information regarding the impact of electronic documents management on performance. The collected data were entered to the computer through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed positive attitude of the sample unit regarding electronic management of documents and performance. The results showed no correlation between electronic document management and performance, so the study recommended the enhancement of employees to learn more about electronic document management at their work. Key words: Documents Management, and Performance

The impact of electronic documents management on performance

The aim of this research was to study the impact of electronic documents management on performance. To accomplish this objective, the researcher prepared a questionnaire composed of two parts. The first part concerned with collecting demographic data, while the second part was concerned with collecting data and information regarding the impact of electronic documents management on performance. The collected data were entered to the computer through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed positive attitude of the sample unit regarding electronic management of documents and performance. The results showed no correlation between electronic document management and performance, so the study recommended the enhancement of employees to learn more about electronic document management at their work. Key words: Documents Management, and Performance

Tapping the Sudanese sorghum germplasm for drought tolerance

Two hundred and ten, seventy four, twenty four and eleven genotypes of sorghum were evaluated in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively, under full and partial irrigation at Gezira Research Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The objectives of this study were to estimate the variability and genotype-environment interaction. Significant differences were detected among genotypes for the studied characters under both types of irrigation in almost all seasons. Stem borer damage was highly significantly affected by watering regimes, however, partial irrigation reduced stem borer damage. Genotypes PI 568329 and Yruasha had the least leaf senescence scores while PI 569371 and Yruasha were the least damaged by stem borer. Genotypes PI 563310 (5488 kg/ha) and PI 570851 (5452 kg/ha) outyielded the check varieties Yruasha (4596 kg/ha) and Wad Ahmed (5434 kg/ha). The current study depicted that the variability observed among the genotypes was maintained for most characters under both water regimes. Water stress reduced most of the studied characters but increased number of tillers per plant, lodging and senescence which could be used as selection indices. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; تم تقييم مائتين وعشرة سلالة من الذرة الرفيعة موسم 2001، أربعة وسبعون سلالة موسم 2002، أربعة وعشرون سلالة موسم 2003 واحد عشرة سلالة موسم 2004 في مزرعة محطة بحوث الجزيرة بواد مدني, السودان. استخدم تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة بثلاث مكررات تحت ظروف ري كامل وجزئي وذلك لدراسة التباين و تفاعل السلالة مع البيئة. أظهرت النتائج أن هنالك تبايناً معنوياً بين السلالات في معظم الصفات المدروسة تحت الري والجفاف خلال المواسم الأربعة (2001 – 2004). تأثرت الإصابة بثاقبات الساق بمستوي الري فقد إزدادت متأثرة بالجفاف بينما زاد عدد الخلف في النبات، جفاف الأوراق والرقاد. السلالات PI 568329 &nbsp;ويرواشا كانت الأقل جفافاً للأوراق و كانت السلالات الأقل إصابة بثاقبات الساق هي PI 569371 و يرواشا بينما التي تفوقت على الشواهد المتحملة للجفاف&nbsp; يرواشا ( (4526 kg/ha و ود احمد (kg/ha (5434 في الإنتاجية هي &nbsp;PI&nbsp; 563310(kg/ha 88(54&nbsp; و PI 570851 (kg/ha .(5452 أوضحت الدراسة ثبات التباين تحت الري الكامل والجزئي ولكل المواسم. الإجهاد المائي قلل معظم الصفات بينما زاد عدد الخلف للنبات ونسبة الرقاد وجفاف الأوراق لذا يمكن استخدامها كدلائل انتخاب. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp