9,531 research outputs found
Performance Comparison of Handover Rerouting Schemes in Wireless ATM Networks
The major issue of the integration of wireless and wired ATM is the
support of user mobility. In effect, many technical challenges have been posed due
to mobility support. One of the most important challenges is the rerouting of active
connections of mobile user during handover. The rerouting of connections must
exhibit low handover latency, limit the handover delay or disruption time, maintain
efficient routes and minimise the impact on existing infrastructure.
To date, two dominant approaches have been proposed to support mobility
into fixed ATM network. The first is the mobility enhanced switches approach and
the second is the separate network-elements specific to mobility approach. The
first approach implies updating the existing ATM switches with mobile specific
features. The mobility functions in the second approach are entrusted to a control
station attached to the ATM switch as is implemented by the Magic WAND
projects. In this thesis, we investigate how mobility can be supported using both
approaches. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the above approaches, we
compare the performance by analytically derived formulate for their hand over
latency, hand over delay, buffer size, and bandwidth requirements. The formulate
were derived for both backward and forward hand overs using a number of
potential rerouting schemes proposed for wireless ATM network.
The results show that the mobility enhanced switches approach has slightly
better performance than the separate network elements approach. The results also
show that backward handover has better performance than forward handover in
terms of the handover delay and buffer requirement. Finally, the results show that
the Anchor Switch rerouting scheme is the best among other rerouting schemes
proposed for wireless ATM
Crushing Behaviour of Woven Roving Glass Fibre/Epoxy Laminated Composite Rectangular Tubes Subjected to 'Quasi-Static Compressive Load
The automotive industry is exploring to adapting more fibre reinforced composite
materials due to their stiffness to weight ratio. The amount of energy that a vehicle
absorbs during a collision is a matter of concern to ensure safer and more reliable
vehicle. The efficient use of composite material in the field of crash worthiness
depends on the understanding of how a composite member absorbs and dissipates
energy during the event of an impact.
An experimental and finite element investigation of the woven roving glass
fibre/epoxy laminated composite rectangular tubes subjected to compressive loading
were carried out under compressive loading. Through out this investigation,
rectangular tubes with different cross-sectional aspect ratio varying (alb) from 1 to 2
with 0.25 increment were investigated under axial and lateral loading conditions
applied independently. The effects of increasing the cross-sectional aspect ratio on
the load carrying capacity and the energy absorption capability were also presented
and discussed. Finite element models to predict the load carrying capacity, failure mechanism and stress contours at pre-crush stage of the rectangular tubes under
axial and lateral loading conditions have been developed.
Experimental results show that the cross-sectional aspect ratio significantly affects
the load carrying capacity and the energy absorption capability of the tubes. The
axially loaded rectangular tubes have better load carrying capacity and energy
absorption capability compared to the laterally loaded rectangular tubes. The
buckling failure mode has been identified for the rectangular tubes under the
different loading conditions.
The developed finite element models approximately predict the initial failure load
and the deformed shapes. The discrepancy between the finite element prediction and
the experimental results is due to the assumption made in the finite element models
and not considering the imperfection of the real tubes in the finite element models.
From the experimental and finite element results 'knockdown' factors have been
proposed to be used in the design phase of energy absorption elements to predict the
initial failure load
A holistic approach to the examination and analysis of evidence in Anglo-American judicial processes
This thesis is divided into three parts. Part I provides
a critique of the dominant approach to the analysis and
examination of evidence in Anglo-American writings. The
critique consists in showing that the dominant approach, on
account of its atomism, does not capture the complexity of
judicial fact-finding tasks or codify intuitive judgments about
them. Recent attempts offering either mathematical or
inductivist structures for the analysis of judicial evidence
are explained and criticized as a resurgence of interest
in atomistic analysis. Part III identifies a non-atomistic
body of thought outside the mainstream of the dominant tradition.
This body of thought is used as the starting-point for
developing a holistic approach to the examination and analysis
of evidence in Anglo-American judicial processes
Classification of crankshaft remanufacturing using Mahalanobis-Taguchi system
Remanufacturing is a process of returning a used product to at least its original performance with a warranty that is equivalent or better than that of a newly manufactured product. During a preliminary inspection on remanufacturing companies, it was found that there is no end life for crankshafts in terms of classifying it either to remanufacture, repair or reject due to limited information provided by the original equipment manufacturer. The manufacturer did not provide any information on the annual quantity produced and their specifications to the remanufacturing company for the purpose of referencing. Eventually, the distinctiveness of the remanufactured crankshaft from the original cannot be measured. Thus, the aim of this work is to classify crankshafts' end life into recovery operations based on the Mahalanobis-Taguchi System. The crankpin diameter of six engine models were measured in order to develop a scale that represents their population in a scatter diagram. It was found that on the diagram of each engine model, the left distributions from the center point belong to rejected crankshafts, the right distributions belong to re-manufacturable crankshafts, and the upper distributions belong to the repairable crankshafts. The developed scale is believed to be able to help remanufacturers instantaneously identify and match any unknown model crankshafts to its right category. The Ministry of International Trade & Industry (MITI) has established a remanufacturing policy under RMK11 and put in efforts to encourage Malaysians to venture into the remanufacturing business. Thus, this model will help the industry to understand and formulate their decision-making to sustain the end of life of their products
Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin.
A yearlong study was performed to examine the effect of antibiotic administration on the bacterial gut flora. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria were recovered from the feces of healthy adult volunteers administered amoxicillin, minocycline or placebo, and changes determined in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage. Seventy percent of the 1039 facultative anaerobic isolates recovered were identified by MALDI-TOF as Escherichia coli. A microarray used to determine virulence and resistance gene carriage demonstrated that AMR genes were widespread in all administration groups, with the most common resistance genes being bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B). Following amoxicillin administration, an increase in the proportion of amoxicillin resistant E. coli and a three-fold increase in the levels of bla TEM gene carriage was observed, an effect not observed in the other two treatment groups. Detection of virulence genes, including stx1A, indicated not all E. coli were innocuous commensals. Approximately 150 E. coli collected from 6 participants were selected for pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and a subset used for characterisation of plasmids and Phenotypic Microarrays (PM). PFGE indicated some E. coli clones had persisted in volunteers for up to 1 year, while others were transient. Although there were no unique characteristics associated with plasmids from persistent or transient isolates, PM assays showed transient isolates had greater adaptability to a range of antiseptic biocides and tetracycline; characteristics which were lost in some, but not all persistent isolates. This study indicates healthy individuals carry bacteria harboring resistance to a variety of antibiotics and biocides in their intestinal tract. Antibiotic administration can have a temporary effect of selecting bacteria, showing co-resistance to multiple antibiotics, some of which can persist within the gut for up to 1 year
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