MAINTAINING FIRST LANGUAGE: BILINGUALS’ VOICES

Indonesia is known as a multicultural country which has thousand different languages Most of its citizens are believed to be able to communicate by using two or morelanguages. This qualitative research, by employing case study approach, was done withthe purpose of figuring out and describing bilinguals’ voices in maintaining their firstlanguage. The discussion centered on their ways to keep their first language. Thisresearch was conducted at Jambi University and ten participants took part in this casestudy. To get the data, the researcher distributed demographic questionnaires andinterviewed the participants. Then, the researcher used within case and cross casedisplays and analysis (Miles and Huberman, 1994) to analyze the interview data. Thefindings showed that there were three major ways done by bilinguals to maintain theyfirst language, among others; 1) Doing interaction, 2) The use of ICT, and 3) The use obooks and song

Fusionskontrolle in dynamischen Netzsektoren am Beispiel des Breitbandkabelsektors: zugleich ein kritischer Beitrag zur Kartellrechtsdogmatik des Bundeskartellamts nach Iesy/Ish und TC/Ish und sektorspezifischen Regulierungskonsistenz seitens der Bundesnetzagentur

The working report looks at the actual situation of the German broadband cable market in the context of merger control and sector specific regulation. A crucial problem in dealing with the cable market whether in antitrust cases or in the regulatory context is the precise assessment of the economic conditions, especially the arguable question if the network has still characteristics of a natural monopoly still a common argument in network industries. The report therefore uses the basic concept of the disaggregated identification of network-specific market power. The unique structure of the German broadband cable industry with its horizontal and vertical separation of the distribution network shows a highly contestable market with elements of competitive franchise bidding. On the other hand the cable market is suffering from that separation due to problems of inefficiency, especially in times of dynamic changes in communications with powerful intermodal competitors like Deutsche Telekom AG (DTAG) with an innovative IPTV infrastructure. To this date these market characteristics have been ignored. --Bottleneck,broadband cable,consumer surplus approach,contestable markets,disaggregated approach,efficiency analysis,essential facility,franchise bidding,market definition,market dominance,market power,merger control,network effects,open field approach,regulation,remedies and conditions,telecommunication networks,total welfare standard

Estimating Supply Response in the Presence of Technical Inefficiency Using the Profit Function: An Application to Ethiopian Agriculture

Studies of supply response using the profit function have typically maintained the neo- classical assumption of efficiency. Using farm-level data from Northern Ethiopia, this study examines the impact of technical inefficiency on the response of small holder farmers. Two systems of output supply and input demand functions are estimated and compared: one the standard model in which technical efficiency is assumed and another in which technical inefficiency is explicitly incorporated into the profit function. While the results from non-nested hypotheses tests are inconclusive, the model with technical inefficiency is preferred to the other model for theoretical consistency. Incorporation of inefficiency has generally increased the magnitudes and the statistical significance of own price elasticities, substantially so in the case of teff and fertilizer. The results indicate that farmers in Ethiopia do respond positively and significantly to price incentives. The results also underscore the need to improve farmer’s access to better quality land, farm inputs and credit, and public investment in roads and irrigation.Supply Response; Technical Inefficiency; Elasticities; Profit functions

The Attitude of The Tablighi Jamaat Toward Covid-19 Pandemic

Covid-19 pandemic, which struck the world globally and rapidly, has caused significant fatalities. The government has implemented strict health protocols to suppress the spread of coronavirus. The reckless attitude of Tablighi Jamaat to hold “ijtima” amidst the massive spread of the virus is considered as an anomaly in preventing the Covid-19 pandemic and contradicts with the Fatwa of MUI (Indonesian Ulama Council) No. 14 of 2020 regarding the Implementation of Worship during Covid-19 Condition. This paper aims to find out the attitude of Tablighi Jamaat toward pandemic from the perspective of ḍarūrah (Naẓariyyat al-Ḍarūrah) theory by Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī. The writer gives a critical note of the arguments expressed by the Tablighi Jamaat and trying to show a more enlightening reconstruction of the fiqh (Islamic law) paradigm. The results of the study show that Tablighi Jamaat is a religious group that does not care about Covid-19. This attitude was triggered by the assumption that the existence of coronavirus is still in doubt. The doubt generates the understanding of fiqh that has not considered the corona issues as the ‘udhr category, which allows rukhṣah and abort the original law (‘aẓīmah), either in mashaqqah or ḍarūrah. The article assumes that the religious group’s narration that ignored the Covid-19 gives its members the feeling of peace and comfort, but it is counter-productive with the attempt to prevent the spread of Covid-19. It is necessary to reconstruct the fiqh paradigm to bring together science and religion, which is marked by the application of religious reasoning and sciences at the same time

Kurikulum Sejarah Jenjang SMA: sebuah Perbandingan Indonesia-Australia

The purpose of this paper was to compare how the education system and curriculum history at secondaryschool level between Indonesia and Australia. The education system in Indonesia is not much differentfrom Australia. History curriculum in Indonesia philosophically is more multi dimensional thanAustralia which essentialism as priority. Indonesian history curriculum is more comprehensive intermsof content than Australia that is optional for students. The ability to interpret the history curriculum inAustraliais more prominent than Indonesia

Pembelajaran Sejarah dan Teacherpreneur

The purpose ofthis paper reveals that the history teacher must be a teacherpreneur. The task of teacher preneur in implementing the learning history is to develop the ability to think creatively learners.It was motivated by the challenges of the times were more severe in all aspects of community life in the 21st century. The method used is literature study. Creative thinking skills can be cultivatedinthe teaching of historyby familiarizing students learn to solve problems. Through studying the history of learners solving problems is required to make a report based its findings workings historians. Teacherpreneur role is how to develop learning strategies that creative thinking was growing. Teacherpreneur is a teacher whois always doing good innovation to improve the knowledge and the learning process

A Dynamic Profile Questions Approach to Mitigate Impersonation in Online Examinations

© The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Online examinations are an integral component of many online learning environments, which face many security challenges. Collusion is seen as a major security threat to such examinations, when a student invites a third party to impersonate or abet in a test. This work aims to strengthen the authentication of students via the use of dynamic profile questions. The study reported in this paper involved 31 online participants from five countries over a five-week period. The results of usability and security analysis are reported. The dynamic profile questions were more usable than both the text-based and image-based questions (p < 0.01). An impersonation abuse scenario was simulated using email and mobile phone. The impersonation attack via email was not successful, however, students were able to share answers to dynamic profile questions with a third party impersonator in real time, which resulted in 93% correct answers. The sharing of information via phone took place in real time during an online test and the response time of an impersonator was significantly different (p < 0.01) than a student. The study also revealed that a response time factor may be implemented to identify and report impersonation attacks.Peer reviewe