Para la historia de 'camiseta', un americanismo inadvertido

En este trabajo pretendo mostrar que camiseta es una creación léxica americana, que se documenta desde el siglo XVI hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX solo en el español de América con el significado de ‘camisa o vestido de indio’. Hasta la mitad del siglo XIX el derivado de la palabra patrimonial camisa no aparece con un sentido de ‘prenda de vestir’ en el español de España, momento en el que también se documenta en el de América, pero donde ya no refiere a la indumentaria indígena. Desde entonces camiseta adquiere una mayor vitalidad en el español internacional a cuenta de su cambio semántico, según se comprueba en los diccionarios, los materiales dialectales y, entre ellos, los datos que proporciona el proyecto Varilex. Y creo que, justamente a causa de la vitalidad que logró con tal cambio, su condición primera americana ha pasado inadvertida para los estudiosos del léxico del español de América.Peer reviewe

Throughput improvement in multi-radio multi-channel 802.11a-based wireless mesh networks

Single-radio mesh routers operating on a single channel suffer from low throughput due to collisions. Equipping mesh routers with multiple radios operating on non-overlapping channels can significantly improve the throughput. However, the assignment of channels to radios in a multi-radio mesh network is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a channel assignment algorithm, TICA (Topology-controlled Interference-aware Channel-assignment Algorithm), which significantly improves network throughput by minimizing interference within the mesh network using a novel approach of controlling the network topology based on power control before intelligently assigning the channels to the multi-radio mesh routers, as well as guaranteeing network connectivity

Fault-tolerant and scalable channel assignment for multi-radio multi-channel IEEE 802.11a-based wireless mesh networks

Wireless Mesh Networks aim to provide high-bandwidth broadband connections to a large community and thus, should be able to accommodate a large number of users accessing the Internet. Due to high estimated traffic volume in Wireless Mesh Networks, scalability and fault tolerance become important requirements in algorithm design. We propose a Failure Recovery Mechanism (FRM) for the channel assignment algorithm, TICA (Topology-controlled Interference-aware Channel-assignment Algorithm), whose goal is to provide automatic and fast failure recovery. We also investigate the performance of TICA with respect to scalability and show that TICA performs well in large-scale networks

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially