Appropriate Innovation for Asian Emerging Markets in a Digital World: A Strategic Framework

Growth in spending in Asian emerging economies will be driven to a large extent by lower-middle income and lower-income households. They constitute a vast “2nd tier” underserved market, much of it located in smaller cities, towns, and rural areas. This study develops a framework for appropriate innovation strategy aimed at this substantial market. We identify key relevant characteristics of the leading Asian emerging economies of ASEAN, China and India; that often do not get sufficient attention. The proposed strategic framework then builds on selected examples of appropriate innovation; incorporates the potentially important role of unconventional partnership between business and social enterprise for this market; and develops the supporting role of digital technology, in particular, additive manufacturing (3D printing). We conclude by presenting policy implications of an appropriate innovation strategy, involving government-business collaboration

Globalization and regional integration in asia/ Abonyi

59 hal; 23 cm

Filtering: An Approach to Generating the Information Base for Collective Choice

Nonmarket resource allocation decisions require some means for generating information on relevant preferences. This is part of the role of a collective choice process. Implicit in the optimization techniques central to MS/OR is the assumption that makes collective choice equivalent to the optimization of a social preference function. This paper proposes an alternative approach to collective choice, called "filtering," and compares it with the general optimization approach. Though not foreclosing the use of optimization techniques, filtering represents a fundamental departure from the perspective on collective choice implicit in these techniques. The fundamental advantage of filtering is that it increases the likelihood of collective agreement on specific plans, while minimizing the strategic use of misinformation. The general logic of filtering may be implemented via a variety of interactive methods. The information generated can contribute to more stable and implementable plans. Filtering responds to a societal context characterized more by diversity of interests than uniformity, and as much concerned with the possible adverse consequences of plans proposed by "experts" as with their promised benefits. The more modest objective of collective choice supported by filtering is to identify collectively acceptable plans for interdependent social groups whose goals and preferences may not be fully known. This supports the need for participation by relevant interests in the planning process. In general, filtering provides a framework for "joint charting" of the future collaboratively, by aiming at the evolution of a "reasonable consensus" from a base of what may appear initially to be "unreasonable vetoes."collective choice, filtering

Policy reform in Thailand and the Asian development Bank's agricultural sector program loan /

Political economy of reform: case studies of Asian Development Bank - supported policy-based lending operation