Problem-Based Learning Strategy Effect on Nurses' Knowledge and Patients' Health Behaviour Outcomes Post Myringoplasty

Myringoplasty is a repair of tympanic membrane perforation to restore and improve hearing function. Health belief model (HBM) is the suggested tool to measure the effect of post-operative instructions using problem-based learning strategy on patients' to maintain hearing and health behaviour. A well prepared nursing staff provides long lasting instructions for patients. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of problem-based learning strategy on nurses' knowledge and patients' health behaviour outcomes post myringoplasty. Research design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to meet the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted in Aswan University Hospital at the Department of Ear Nose and Throat. Sample: all available nurses (30 nurses) who have been working in the study setting, and 60 adult patients admitted at the time of the data collection were included in the study setting. Three tools were used for data collection, tool (1): Assessment of nurses' knowledge sheet developed by the researcher, and tool (2): HBM sheet according to Ruba etal. (2016), tool (3):  assessment of patient complications sheet developed by the researcher. Results: in the present study, findings significant correlation of pre-operative nurses knowledge related to pre and post learning strategy P-value < 0.05. In addition there were a highly significant correlation of post-operative nurses knowledge related to pre and post learning strategy P-value< 0.001. As regard to health belief model there was significant correlation between pre learning strategy, post one month & after three months of post-operative instructions, in relation to HBM. Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge and skills differed with respect to the mean score. Introducing of problem-based learning strategy and hand out booklet were effective in improving the level of nurses’ knowledge regarding post-operative instructions of patients with myringoplasty. Notably it revealed that, satisfactory patients' outcomes post applying the strategy in relation to HBM. Recommendations: All nurses should be aware by instructions that given to patients' pre discharge and inform patients about them. Keywords: problem-based learning strategy, complications, myringoplasty, Health Belief Model

Evaluation of Antioxidants Status at Diagnosis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a neoplastic disease of immature lymphocytes or lymphocyte progenitor cells either the B- or T-cell lineage. It is the most common malignancy diagnosed in patients younger than 15 years, and account for approximately 25-30% of adult acute leukemia. Objective: To evaluate some antioxidants as zinc, selenium, vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (tocopherol) status at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and to compare it to that of a control population. Patients and methods: This case-control study was carried out at Oncology Unit of Pediatrics Department and Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals. This study consisted of two groups: Patients’ group (30 children patients with newly diagnosed ALL). As regard control group, it included 30 healthy children who were matched well with patients’ age and sex. Fasting levels of serum zinc, selenium, retinol and tocopherol were measured. Results: There was a high statistically significant decrease of vitamin E, selenium and zinc among all cases than their controls. While, there was a significant increase of vitamin A among all cases. Zinc level was statistically significantly increased with increased risk of disease, while no statistically significant relation between disease risk and other levels of serum antioxidant. Conclusion: Some antioxidants as zinc, selenium and vitamin E (tocopherol) status at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are lower compared to that of a control population

Wall panel structure design optimization of a hexagonal satellite

Considering that it satisfies high strength and stiffness at a low weight, the grid structure is the ideal option for meeting the requirements for developing the wall panel structure for the satellite. The most attractive grid structures for the satellite wall panel industry are isogrid and honeycomb structures. The first part of this work involves studying the mechanical and dynamic performance of five designs for the satellite wall panel made of 7075-T0 Al-alloy. These designs include two isogrid structures with different rib widths, two honeycomb structures with different cell wall thicknesses, and a solid structure for comparison. The performance of these designs was evaluated through compression, bending, and vibration testing using both finite element analysis (FEA) with the Ansys workbench and experimental testing. The FEA results are consistent with the experimental ones. The results show that the isogrid structure with a lower rib thickness of 2 mm is the best candidate for manufacturing the satellite wall panel, as this design reveals the best mechanical and dynamic performance. The second part of this work involves studying the influence of the length of the sides of the best isogrid structure in the range of 12 mm–24 mm on its mechanical and dynamic performance to achieve the lowest possible mass while maintaining the structure's integrity. Then, a modified design of skinned wall panels was introduced and dynamically tested using FEA. Finally, a CAD model of a hexagonal satellite prototype using the best-attained design of the wall panel, i.e., the isogrid structure with a 2 mm rib width and 24 mm-long sides, was built and dynamically tested to ensure its safe design against vibration. Then, the satellite prototype was manufactured, assembled, and successfully assessed

The worldwide NORM production and a fully automated gamma-ray spectrometer for their characterization

Materials containing radionuclides of natural origin, which is modified by human made processes and being subject to regulation because of their radioactivity are known as NORM. We present a brief review of the main categories of non-nuclear industries together with the levels of activity concentration in feed raw materials, products and waste, including mechanisms of radioisotope enrichments. The global management of NORM shows a high level of complexity, mainly due to different degrees of radioactivity enhancement and the huge amount of worldwide waste production. The future tendency of guidelines concerning environmental protection will require both a systematic monitoring based on the ever-increasing sampling and high performance of gamma ray spectroscopy. On the ground of these requirements a new low background fully automated high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer MCA_Rad has been developed. The design of Pb and Cu shielding allowed to reach a background reduction of two order of magnitude with respect to laboratory radioactivity. A severe lowering of manpower cost is obtained through a fully automation system, which enables up to 24 samples to be measured without any human attendance. Two coupled HPGe detectors increase the detection efficiency, performing accurate measurements on sample volume (180 cc) with a reduction of sample transport cost of material. Details of the instrument calibration method are presented. MCA_Rad system can measure in less than one hour a typical NORM sample enriched in U and Th with some hundreds of Bq/kg, with an overall uncertainty less than 5%. Quality control of this method has been tested. Measurements of certified reference materials RGK-1, RGU-2 and RGTh-1 containing concentrations of K, U and Th comparable to NORM have been performed, resulting an overall relative discrepancy of 5% among central values within the reported uncertainty.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 6 table

Radon exhalation rates corrected for leakage and back diffusion – Evaluation of radon chambers and radon sources with application to ceramic tile

The natural radon decay, leakage and back diffusion are the main removal processes of radon from its container. Ignoring these processes leads to underestimate the measured value of radon related parameters like exhalation rate and radium content. This work is aimed to evaluate two different radon chambers through determining their leakage rate λv and evaluation of radon source by determine its back diffusion rate λb inside the evaluated radon chambers as well as a small sealed cup. Two different methods are adapted for measuring both the leakage rate and the back diffusion rate. The leakage rate can be determined from the initial slope of the radon decay curve or from the exponential fitting of the whole decay curve. This can be achieved if a continuous monitoring of radon concentration inside the chamber is available. Also, the back diffusion rate is measured by sealing the radon source in the chamber and used the initial slope of the buildup curve to determine λb and therefore the exhalation rate of the source. This method was compared with simple equation for λb based on the ratio of the source to the chamber volume. The obtained results are applied to ceramic tile as an important radon source in homes. The measurement is targeted the ceramic glaze before and after firing as well as the obtained tile after adhere the glaze on the tile main body. Also, six different tile brands from Egyptian market are subjected to the study for comparison. Keywords: Radon removal processes, Leakage rate, Back diffusion rate, Radon exhalation rate, Radon chamber

The influence of islamic culture on maimonides in the development of Mishnah's legislation

Maimonides, as a jurist, aimed to develop the Mishnah's legislations; so, he wrote his book Mishnah Torah, which included the Mishnah's legislations, and added to it legislations to fill the gap in provisions of the Mishnah. Maimonides used the books of the rabbinic heritage to complete this deficiency in the legislation. He reclassified these legislations objectively in his book Mishnah Torah, which he wrote in Egypt in 1117 AD, according to the method of Islamic jurisprudence books and Al-Muhalla by Ibn Hazm in particular. The current paper discusses the classification and division of the Mishnah and the Mishnah Torah, in order to find out the legislations that Maimonides added to the Mishnah. Also, it clarifies Maimonides' motive for authoring Mishnah Torah. Additionally, this paper illustrates how the Islamic culture influenced on the classification and division of the Mishnah Torah according to the subject. Clearly, Maimonides was influenced in his book Mishnah Torah by Islamic jurisprudence and the book of Ibn Hazm; Al-Muhalla in particular. He reclassified some legislationsin Mishnah Torah objectively according to a method of Islamic jurisprudence books

The Contributions of Industrial Hygiene in Occupational Ergonomics

This summary reviews the general features and results of the research, entitled " The Contributions of Industrial Hygiene in Occupational Ergonomics ", and is about clarifying the role of Industrial Hygiene as one of the occupational health and safety sciences specialized in the expectation of exposure to risks of different types of workplaces and Also study and analyze the method of entering the damage to the human body and its effect on the internal organs and sensory damage. What distinguishes this science is to anticipate exposure or damage to humans in the workplace through the application of mechanisms of the process of anticipation. With the development of manufacturing technology and its dependence on systems in the management and manufacturing processes, there are many renewable and diversified workplace hazards that affect human health and production efficiency. As a result, the Occupational Ergonomics has emerged as a specialized science in studying ergonomics Environment, Software, Systems, Workplace Components, Identifying the sciences and disciplines required to study their risks, and finding solutions through the applied side of this science, the Occupational Ergonomics Program. This research reviews the contributions and role that Industrial Hygiene can achieve through its stages and specialized in the applications of the scientific knowledge of Ergonomics through information and mechanisms by:- To support the types of Occupational Ergonomics experience with medical information about the senses and internal organs of the body and the impact of exposure to damage to them.- Incorporation of predictive or predictive mechanisms of risk in macro ergonomics methods specialized in studying systems, their interactions and their impact on humans.- Contribute to the Occupational Ergonomics program by the specialists , and supporting all stages of data and information