Causes of the 1962 Sino-Indian War: A Systems Level Approach

The emergence of the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) nations as regional powers and future challengers to U.S. hegemony has been predicted by many, and is a topic of much debate among the IR community today. Interestingly, three of these nations have warred against each other in the past and, coincidentally or not, it was the nations that shared borders: India and China and China and Russia. This paper attempts an in-depth case study of the 1962 Sino-Indian conflict from an angle that differs from previous studies. Past explorations of this conflict have focused on domestic or the psychological motivations of political leaders for this abrupt war, but I will depart from these studies in assessing the conflict’s origin and exploring the reasons for its short duration. Employing a neorealist systems-level approach, I will attempt to explain how the structure of the international system both instigated the Sino-Indian confrontation and also limited the extent of the engagement

Juifs, chrétiens et musulmans après l'expulsion d'Espagne : le cas Nord-Africain

Le 9 février 1616, on assista á la Haye á un spectacle peu commun, celui d'un convoi fúnebre juif, conduit en grande pompe par le Prince Maurice de Nassau, entouré de membres éminents de son Conseil d'Etat et des Etats-Généraux. Le notable honoré de la serte n'était pourtant ni une grande sommité intellectuelle ni méme un personnage natif de Hollando. C'était tout juste un juif du Maroc, nommé Samuel Pallache qui, entre autres activités ténébreuses, faisait fonction d'agent du Rol du Maroc, Mawlay Zidan, aux Pays-Bas

Le traitement séquentiel dans les lymphomes non-hodgkiniens cérébraux primitifs chez le sujet immunocompétent

STRASBOURG-Medecine (674822101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Less Commonly Recognized Features of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome

This article reviews aspects in the clinical presentation of nephrotic syndrome that are not generally considered characteristics of the syndrome’s definition. The importance of various general clinical aspects such as hematuria, hypertension, and other laboratory or histologic findings are discussed. The clinical relevance and management of other specific aspects such as lipid alterations, coagulation abnormalities, calcium and vitamin D metabolism, and nutritional complications derived from the nephrotic syndrome also are included in this review

Tyrosine supplementation in chronic experimental uremia

The occurrence of low tyrosine tissue levels in uremic subjects, possibly due to impaired phenylalanine hydroxylation, suggests that tyrosine may be an essential amino acid in uremia. Additional dietary tyrosine may thus re-dress the deficiency. This study examined growth and tyrosine/phenylalanine metabolism in uremic rats during tyrosine supplementation. Rats made uremic (U) by 7 8 nephrectomy were compared to pair-fed (C P) and ad libitum-fed (C A), sham-operated controls. Two sets of each group of rats were studied after 21 days on the resepctive diets: I = Purina Lab Chow; II = same + 3.5% tyrosine. Plasma tyrosine was below normal in U and C P-fed diet I. With diet II, the tyrosine: phenylalanine ratio in U was lower than both C A and C P. In rats fed diet II, the tyrosine: phenlalanine ratio became indistinguishable among the three groups. Growth parameters in U and C P were similar, regardless of the diet. Body weight gain, tibial length, muscle mass, and tissue protein did not improve in uremic animals supplemented with tyrosine. The specific activity of liver phenylalanine hydroxylase in U was not different from C A or C P. However, loss of cortical renal mass appeared to be the major determinant of decreased kidney phenylalanine hydroxylation in experimental uremia. This alteration is likely to be the greatest contributory factor to the alteration of plasma levels of tyrosine and phenylalanine. The data presented do not support a proposed essentiality of tyrosine in uremia