Sección 377: Una perspectiva legal y política de la India

In India, homosexual intercourse is legal now, but the legalization battle was not so easy; many obstacles were there. In 1860, Section 377 was introduced in the constitution by the British Government which declared homosexual intercourse illegal. As a result, the law considers the individuals of the LGBT community criminal. So, for gay rights, many NGOs and gay social activists have protested 377 repeatedly. They through the legal path achieved success by legalizing adult homosexuality on September 6, 2018. This theoretical case study focuses on the elaborative discussion on the social status of homosexuals from 1991 to 2018 due to article 377 which makes it clear why the read down of article 377 is needed for the sake of the Right to Privacy given by the Constitution of India.   En la India, las relaciones homosexuales son ahora legales, pero la batalla por la legalización no fue tan fácil; había muchos obstáculos. En 1860, el Gobierno británico introdujo en la Constitución la Sección 377, que declaraba ilegales las relaciones homosexuales. En consecuencia, la ley considera criminales a los individuos de la comunidad LGBT. Por ello, en favor de los derechos de los homosexuales, muchas ONG y activistas sociales homosexuales han protestado contra la 377 en repetidas ocasiones. Ellos a través de la vía legal lograron el éxito al legalizar la homosexualidad adulta el 6 de septiembre de 2018. Este estudio de caso teórico se centra en la discusión sobre el estatus social de los homosexuales desde 1991 hasta 2018 debido al artículo 377 que deja claro por qué la lectura del artículo 377 es necesaria por el bien del Derecho a la Privacidad dado por la Constitución de la India

Understanding Scenario of Casteism in Twentieth Century India through Satyajit Ray Film Sadgati

This article tries to emphasis the actual scenario of Casteism in twentieth century of India solely on the basis of Satyajit Ray s film Sadgati 1981 Although this article doesn t focus on film theories and criticism of Sadgati as a film but on sociological aspect of castesim in India Sadgati is a Hindi movie but in this article the dialogues of the movie as per requirement is translated by autho

Exploring the potential of GeTe for the application in Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell

Germanium telluride (GeTe) having a direct bandgap of 0.6 eV has mainly been in phase change memory and thermoelectric power generation. In this article, we study the electronic structure of the GeTe by first-principles calculations. The theoretical direct bandgap of GeTe was found to be 0.69 eV which is very close to the experimental value. Then, we demonstrate a single-junction GeTe thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell based on device transport model with np structure. The device was optimized for the higher performance of the TPV cell. The GeTe TPV cell exhibited an efficiency of 7.9% with JSC=16.16 A/cm2, VOC=0.360 V and FF=75.51%, respectively. These results indicate that GeTe could be a promising material for the fabrication of efficient TPV cell.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figure

A GRAPHICAL APPROACH TO DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF MOS AMPLIFIER

The component values and transistor dimensions of a single stage amplifier are the only designable parameters which can be adjusted to achieve optimum performance. The resulting parameters can be set to form an objective function and constraint equations to graphically shape a feasible region which is a polytope. The required optimum value of design parameters is then derived by navigating over each of the corner and internal points of the polytope shaped. Accordingly, the amplifier design problem is conveyed as an optimization problem termed Non Linear Programming (NLP) enlisting decipherable global optimization methods. The present technique yields an automatic analysis of single stage amplifiers inferred from the specification values. In this paper, the proposed technique is first used to express the design problem of a particular amplifier circuit as NLP and then applied to a varied amplifier designs. Comparison of result with existing work implies a superior outcome with respect to achievement of required small signal gain (Av) and unity gain frequency (UGF). The optimal trade-off curves related to performance metrics such as Av, power and UGF are derived in order to observe the corresponding dependencies

Angiogenic Gene Signature Derived from Subtype Specific Cell Models Segregate Proneural and Mesenchymal Glioblastoma

Intertumoral molecular heterogeneity in glioblastoma identifies four major subtypes based on expression of molecular markers. Among them, the two clinically interrelated subtypes, proneural and mesenchymal, are the most aggressive with proneural liable for conversion to mesenchymal upon therapy. Using two patient-derived novel primary cell culture models (MTA10 and KW10), we developed a minimal but unique four-gene signature comprising genes vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and angiopoietin 1 (ANG1), angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) that effectively segregated the proneural (MTA10) and mesenchymal (KW10) glioblastoma subtypes. The cell culture preclassified as mesenchymal showed elevated expression of genes VEGF-A, VEGF-B and ANG1, ANG2 as compared to the other cell culture model that mimicked the proneural subtype. The differentially expressed genes in these two cell culture models were confirmed by us using TCGA and Verhaak databases and we refer to it as a minimal multigene signature (MMS). We validated this MMS on human glioblastoma tissue sections with the use of immunohistochemistry on preclassified (YKL-40 high or mesenchymal glioblastoma and OLIG2 high or proneural glioblastoma) tumor samples (n = 30). MMS segregated mesenchymal and proneural subtypes with 83% efficiency using a simple histopathology scoring approach (p = 0.008 for ANG2 and p = 0.01 for ANG1). Furthermore, MMS expression negatively correlated with patient survival. Importantly, MMS staining demonstrated spatiotemporal heterogeneity within each subclass, adding further complexity to subtype identification in glioblastoma. In conclusion, we report a novel and simple sequencing-independent histopathology-based biomarker signature comprising genes VEGF-A, VEGF-B and ANG1, ANG2 for subtyping of proneural and mesenchymal glioblastoma

Extracellular Vesicles As Modulators of Tumor Microenvironment and Disease Progression in Glioma

Diffuse gliomas are lethal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by infiltrative growth, aggressive nature, and therapeutic resistance. The recent 2016 WHO classification for CNS tumors categorizes diffuse glioma into two major types that include IDH wild-type glioblastoma, which is the predominant type and IDH-mutant glioblastoma, which is less common and displays better prognosis. Recent studies suggest presence of a distinct cell population with stem cell features termed as glioma stem cells (GSCs) to be causal in driving tumor growth in glioblastoma. The presence of a stem and progenitor population possibly makes glioblastoma highly heterogeneous. Significantly, tumor growth is driven by interaction of cells residing within the tumor with the surrounding milieu termed as the tumor microenvironment. It comprises of various cell types such as endothelial cells, secreted factors, and the surrounding extracellular matrix, which altogether help perpetuate the proliferation of GSCs. One of the important mediators critical to the cross talk is extracellular vesicles (EVs). These nano-sized vesicles play important roles in intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules into the surrounding milieu, thereby altering cellular functions and/or reprogramming recipient cells. With the growing information on the contribution of EVs in modulation of the tumor microenvironment, it is important to determine their role in both supporting as well as promoting tumor growth in glioma. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of EVs in tumor progression and glioma pathogenesis

Numerical studies on a ternary AgInTe2 chalcopyrite thin film solar cell

This paper theoretically outlines a new n-AlSb/p-AgInTe2/p+-BaSi2 solar cell. The dominance of several factors such as depth, carrier density and defects of every layer on the photovoltaic (PV) outcome has been ascertained applying Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS)-1D computer-based simulator. The AgInTe2 (AIT) solar cell has been probed for finding the role of BaSi2 as a back surface field (BSF) layer. It is revealed that the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) increments from 30% to 34% owing to the use of BaSi2 semiconducting BSF with VOC = 0.90 V, JSC = 43.75 mA/cm2, FF = 86.42%, respectively. The rippling of the output parameters with respect to the change in series and shunt resistances has also been probed and demonstrated. All the findings reveal the prospect of n-AlSb/p-AIT/p+-BaSi2 dual-heterojunction thin film photovoltaic cell

Visualisation of semantic relations between nodes in hypertext-based learning systems

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