Case study Kenyan fish exports

" Food safety and quality have become increasingly important in international fish trade. Stringent conditions imposed by major fish-importing nations in the developed world, which take in 80 percent of global fish exports, give food safety priority over price as the main determinant for market access. Nearly half of fish exports originate from developing countries, which have limited capacity to invest in the rigorous fish safety measures demanded by importing countries... Concerns about the safety of fish from Kenya first arose in November 1997 when Spain and Italy both banned fish imports from Kenya, claiming the presence of Salmonellae.... Kenya faces important challenges in implementing stronger food safety measures, especially in light of its small development budget. It cannot export fish unless it incurs huge costs" from TextFood safety ,food security ,Public health ,

Labour Arrangements in Cassava Production in Oyo State, Nigeria

The study examined the effects of labour arrangements on the profitability of cassava enterprises in Oyo North Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for data collection, while data were analysed using descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis. The results show that the prevalent labour arrangements for cassava enterprises are: a combination of Family, Hired and Contract labour (38.9%); Family-Hired labour (27.8%); Family-Contract labour (31.1%). The gross margin per hectares across labour arrangements are N279481.99 (all-labour), N286044.24 (family-hired), N216940.10 (familycontract), and N235000.00 (family only). The returns on a naira invested on variable costs across different labour arrangements for cassava enterprises are N2.04 (all-labour), N3.66 (family-hired), N2.37 (familycontract), and N2.61 (family only). This implies that a unit (N1) variable cost in the various labour arrangements of all-labour, family/hired, family/contract and family only in cassava production will yield a marginal return of N3.04, N3.66, N2.37 and N2.61 respectively. Family-hired labour arrangement yields higher marginal return per unit of manday and one naira spent than all other arrangements. The study recommends among others the application of laboursaving technologies and an optimum combination of various labour arrangements to reduce the cost of labour used in cassava production

Existing Metrics Use in Indexing ICT Integration in University Teaching

ICT integration by universities teaching professionals is emerging as a major concern, this study demonstrate the need to address the integration problem by encouraging existing metrics use in indexing ICT integration as an ICT governance strategy. Quality of integration depends on quality indexing which also depend on quality of existing metrics and their use. Considering the role that University Information Technology Teaching Professionals’ (UITTPs) continuous improvement indexing can offer, towards autonomic governance of the continuous emerging ICTs in the university teaching, this study examined extent in use of existing ICT integration metrics to index ICT integration by the UITTPs. Six metrics for ICT integration were investigated; time, workshop course content relevance, technical malfunctions, support conditions, support services, and motivation and commitment to student learning and staff professional development metrics. Descriptive survey design was used in which interviews were conducted to UITTPs in three (3) public and three (3) private purposively selected universities in Kenya. The findings were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Kendall’s correlation of concordance and tested using Chi-square on the extent of concordance and presented with help of frequency tables, figures and percentages. The findings revealed that all the metrics are rarely used for indexing ICT integration (32.8%), and most UITTPs were in discordance on this level of all the six metrics use except for support condition. This implied that the use of metrics for indexing integration has not been formalized across the Kenyan universities. Universities need to be encouraged to identify suitable metrics, formalize them and improve their frequency in use. Secondly, socio based metrics such as content relevance are used more frequently for indexing integration as compared to Technical metrics, socio-technical metrics balance therefore need to be emphasized by the universities management when determining and using metrics for indexing ICT integration

An Appraisal of Critical Highlights of the United Nations Environment Programme Report (UNEP) on the Environmental Assessment of Ogoni Land, The Setting Up of the Hydrocarbon Remediation Project (HYPREP) by the Federal Government of Nigeria, Its Operat

The paper carries out an appraisal of some critical highlights of the United Nations Environment Programme Report (UNEP) on the environmental assessment of Ogoni land, the setting up of the Hydrocarbon Remediation Project (HYPREP) by the Federal Government of Nigeria, its operations and recommended pathways towards creating a sustainable environment and development in Ogoni land. In achieving its aim, this paper adopts an admixture of the historical, comparative, empirical, the law and development approaches, in relevant areas. The paper ends with a conclusion and set of recommendations. Keywords: Appraisal, United Nations Environmental Programme Report (UNEP), Ogoni land, Highlights, Hydrocarbon Remediation Project (HYPREP), Recommendations, Sustainable, Environmental assessment. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/9-8-05 Publication date: August 31st 201

Households' perception of financial incentives in endorsing sustainable waste recycling in Nigeria

Recycling is viewed as a central aspect in sustainability and mainly as pro-environmental consumer behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of households on financial incentives in endorsing sustainable recycling for municipal solid waste in Nigeria. The study was conducted in the Shomolu Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study also covers drivers for household willingness to recycle municipal solid waste on environmental risk, behavioral economics, resource value, economic benefit, convenience, knowledge, legislation, and belief. The result from the study asserts the hypothesis that financial incentives for recycling are vital for reducing and managing municipal solid waste sustainably. The most important driver for household willingness to recycle municipal solid waste is the detrimental environmental impacts. A moderate to positive relationship exists between households’ perception of financial incentives for recycling and drivers for household willingness to recycle municipal solid waste. The study recommends adopting the extended producer responsibility (EPR) model, reverse vending options, amongst other approaches, in an effort to promote recycling culture among citizens and residents in Nigeria.©2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Preliminary gut content and dentition analysis reveal subtle resource partitioning and feeding adaptations within a haplochromine cichlid community of Lake Victoria satellite lake

The trophic relationships between six haplochromine cichlids of Lake Kanyaboli, a satellite lake of Lake Victoria that has not been infested by the Nile perch (Lates niloticus), were studied as a first step towards understanding the cichlid community structure in this threatened wetland ecosystem. Coefficient of similarity analysis of diet revealed subtle trophic resource partitioning within this haplochromine community. Trophic specializations are further revealed by differences in dentition structures. Of the six haplochromine species examined, Astatotilapia nubila and Astatoreochromis alluadi had the highest coefficient of similarity (0.5256±0.300), indicating highest diet overlap, while Astatotilapia ‘big eye’ and Xistichromis phytophagus were the most ecologically separated (0.0210±0.019). Resource partitioning is further enhanced by a diurnal spatial distribution of the six species within the lake. Overall, the haplochromine cichlid community of Lake Kanyaboli is characterized by a relatively high trophic diversity compared to Lake Victoria. Small water bodies (SWBs) thus present opportunities for conservation of trophic diversity threatened by introduction of exotics in the Lake Victoria basin.Key words: Community structure, haplochromines, resource partitioning, satellite lakes, trophic ecology

An Analyses of Threats to the Realisation of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 in the Light of the Recent Report of the Global Futures (ie The World Wildlife Fund) on the Unfolding Trends on the Environment in Nigeria and the

The paper analyses the threats to the realization of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals report 2019 in the light of the recent report of the global futures (i.e The World Wildlife Fund) on the unfolding trends on the world’s environmental conditions in Nigeria/the globe and calls for sustained global action. In achieving its purpose, this paper referred to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 and the recent updates from the World Wild Life Fund (WWF) and concludes that the world must move fast to implement the goals contained in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 to avoid catastrophic impacts in annual global losses from flooding, storms, ocean surges and erosions due to changes in vegetation along coastlines and sea-level rises, loss of carbon storage, climatic changes etc.  The paper ends with a conclusion and set of recommendations. Keywords: Analyses, Threats, Realisation, Sustainable Development Goals, Global Futures, Unfolding Trends, the Environment, Sustained Global Action. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/95-06 Publication date:March 31st 202

An Appraisal of Goal 7 of the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations VIS-À-VIS the Implementation of the 2011 United Nations Environment Programme Report on the Environmental Assessment of Ogoni Land in Nigeria and the Activities of the Hydro

The paper is an appraisal of goal 7 of the millennium development goals of the United Nations (MDGs) in the light of the purported ongoing implementation of the 2011 United Nations Environment Programme Report (UNEP) on the environmental assessment of Ogoni land in Nigeria being carried out by the Hydrocarbon Remediation Project (HYPREP). The paper argues that there exists a nexus between the particulars of the UNEP report, goal 7 of the MDGs and the urgent need on the part of HYPREP to timeously and properly work on the findings contained in the UNEP report on Ogoni land to avert further environmental degradations, massive deaths and other health challenges on the indigenous peoples of Ogoni land in Nigeria, west Africa.  In achieving its aim, this paper adopts an admixture of the historical, comparative, empirical, the law and development approaches, in relevant areas. The paper is concluded and a set of recommendations made. Keywords: Appraisal, Goal 7 of the Millennium Development Goals, United Nations, Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme Report (UNEP), Assessment, Ogoni land, Nigeria, Hydrocarbon Remediation Project (HYPREP). DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-2-04 Publication date: February 29th 202

A Survey of the Threats/Impacts of Accelerating Climate Changes and Global Warming in the Light of the 2019 Report of the World Meterological Organization and Other Available Data Documenting Physical Signs of Climate Changes in .....

This paper undertakes a survey of the threats/impacts of accelerating climate changes and global Warming highlighted in the 2019 report of the World Meteorological Organization and other available data documenting physical signs of climate changes in around the global environment and particularly the phenomena of recent rising temperatures in Nigeria.Before ending with a conclusion and a set of recommendations, the paper also examines other general perspectives and jurisprudence of climate change/global warming and associated impacts on the environment and highlighted the need for the world to act fast to avoid further devastation on the health of humanity and the global environment. . Keywords:Survey, Threats, Impacts, Accelerating, Climate changes, Global Warming, 2019 World Meteorological Organization Report. Global Environment, Health, Humanity, Rising temperatures, Nigeria DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/96-06 Publication date: April 30th 202

Young African Leaders Forum (YALF) Projects

The Young African Leaders Forum (YALF) is an independent pan-African organisation whose major objective is to effectuate sustainable development in every African nation. We achieve this by detecting the root causes of Africa\u27s developmental problems, researching and proffering workable solutions to them as well as executing these strategic solutions. We also work to empower Africa\u27s young people to participate actively in the society so that they can improve their own lives by representing and solving their needs whilst also advocating for those of others. Our organization is incorporated and headquartered in South Africa - and has members and representations in 30 African nations, USA and Canada. We are also the official publishers of Africa\u27s first youth­ led journal of development, YALJOD