Region of Interest Generation for Pedestrian Detection using Stereo Vision

Pedestrian detection is an active research area in the field of computer vision. The sliding window paradigm is usually followed to extract all possible detector windows, however, it is very time consuming. Subsequently, stereo vision using a pair of camera is preferred to reduce the search space that includes the depth information. Disparity map generation using feature correspondence is an integral part and a prior task to depth estimation. In our work, we apply the ORB features to fasten the feature correspondence process. Once the ROI generation phase is over, the extracted detector window is represented by low level histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features. Subsequently, Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to classify them as either pedestrian or non-pedestrian. The experimental results reveal that ORB driven depth estimation is at least seven times faster than the SURF descriptor and ten times faster than the SIFT descriptor

Design and Simulation of Multiplexer using Josephson junction using OrCAD Capture

The work presented here is a summary of the result obtained when Multiplexer was simulated using simulator: OrCAD Capture 16.5. The Multiplexer is made using the universal logic gates formed by Josephson junction. This allows us to focus our attention on solely the output characteristics and related results derived from the Multiplexer. We begin by describing formation of universal gates and more. We conclude by stating the output characteristics are in match with the multiplexer. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15031

Contribution of the platelet receptor CLEC-2 and its ligand podoplanin to the pathogenesis of liver disease

Increasing lines of evidence place platelets as having a central role in liver disease. Platelets are recruited to the liver and, depending upon stage and type of liver injury play varying roles ranging from driving liver fibrosis to aiding regeneration. However the molecular basis and consequences of platelet activation in the liver are less clear. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates for the first time that platelet activation via CLEC-2 is important in the pathogenesis of liver disease. In chronic human diseases (CLD) such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, and Alcoholic Liver disease I have demonstrated that the ligand for CLEC-2, podoplanin is upregulated on portal venules and increases proportionately to disease activity. I also note podoplanin staining on macrophage populations in CLD. Furthermore I show that this enhanced podoplanin expression may be a useful predictor of portal venous thrombosis, and correlates with MELD score for some categories of disease. In acute liver injury, CLEC-2-depended platelet activation has a profound effect on disease development. Here podoplanin expression occurs upon Kupffer cells in both humans and mice. Using carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol to induce acute liver injury in mice, I show that macrophage-expressed podoplanin activates platelets via CLEC-2. This interaction worsens liver injury, I next show that by blocking this interaction (using either CLEC-2 or podoplanin-deficient mice, or by using a function- blocking podoplanin antibody) liver recovery from toxic liver injury was remarkably enhanced. This was dependent upon enhanced hepatic neutrophil recruitment in a TNF dependent fashion

PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF LABORATORY GROWN CULTURES OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

COVID-19 pandemic has taught the world researchers the urgent need for new sources and novel pharmaceuticals not only for existing diseases but also for both seasonal epidemics and future pandemics. Pharmaceutical drug discoveries for the past fifty years depended deeply on the procedure of empirical transmission of a huge number of pure bioactive compounds to provide new leads. The screening of extracts or isolating compounds is a common way to discover novel biologically active molecules. Most of the valuable Blue-Green algal metabolites are concentrated in their biomass. For existence in nature, Blue-Green algae (BGA) secrete and contain various organic substances like proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, and these compounds are explored for potential biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including the anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19), anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, protease inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, etc. Due to their diverse application, pharmaceutical companies have shown commercial interest in the Blue-green algal group for the discovery and development of novel molecules to combat deadly diseases for the benefit of society and mankind. The current review paper highlights and discusses the diverse pharmaceutical potential of laboratory-grown cultures of BGA along with comprehensive and current knowledge on bioactive compounds discovered by researchers globally

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIHEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI EXTRACT

Objectives: The  present  investigation  attempts  to  study  the  antioxidant  and  antihemolytic  activity  of  ethyl  acetate  fraction  of  the  bilimbi  extract (BE)  and  determine  the  contributory  phytochemicals.Methods: Fresh fruits of Averrhoa bilimbi were dried and subjected to 60% aqueous methanol extraction followed by biphasic extraction with ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate fraction (BE) underwent phytochemical screening, analyzed using RP- HPLC and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, RBC protection activity and DNA protection activity.Results: In phytochemical screening analysis, we detected lipids while alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars and amino acids were not detected. HPLC analysis showed prominent peaks at 23, 27 and 37 min under 310 nm. The fraction expressed ABTS.+ radical scavenging activity,  hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, RBC protection activity and DNA protection activity wherein TEAC value was 11.5 µM, IC50 value of hydroxyl RSA and antihemolytic activity were 49 and 47 µg/ml respectively.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of bilimbi predominantly comprised of lipids which exhibited significant antioxidant and protective properties. Key words: Antioxidant, DNA protection activity, antihemolytic activityy.Â

Artificial Immune System based Firefly Approach for Web Page Classification

WWW is now a famous medium by which people all around the world can spread and gather the information of all kinds. But web pages of various sites that are generated dynamically contain undesired information also. This information is called noisy or irrelevant content. Web publishing techniques create numerous information sources published as HTML pages. Navigation panels, Table of content, advertisements, copyright statements, service catalogs, privacy policies etc. on web pages are considered as relevant and irrelevant content. This paper discusses various methods for web pages classification and a new approach for content extraction based on firefly feature extraction method with danger theory for web pages classification

Evaluation of in vitro and invivo anti-inflammatory activities of Parthenium camphora

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of solvent extracts of Parthenium camphora (Family: Compositae), a non-useful and waste weed growing through waste sides. The anti-inflammatory activities were assessed through in vitro and in vivo procedures, the results were found to be very surprising and promising. Aqueous and Ethanolic solvent extracts of Parthenium camphora were found to have significant anti-inflammatory activity at doses 100 and 120 mg/Kg during in vitro anti-inflammatory assay. The ethanolic fractions of the plant causes significant reduction in inflammation i.e. 92 % (120 mg/kg) followed by aqueous extract i.e. 85 % (120 mg/kg) compared to standard anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac Sodium i.e. 87 % (10 mg/kg). The values of reduction in paw volume, 0.10 ± 0.05, 0.14 ± 0.05 and 0.16 ± 0.05 were found significantly of ethanol extract, aqueous extract and Diclofenac sodium, respectively at 4 h after carrageenan administration. Ethanolic extracts showed potent anti-inflammatory activity in comparison to aqueous extracts. The extracts showed higher anti-inflammatory potential as the dose varies. Thus results showed that extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in dose-dependent manner. The extracts exhibited membrane stabilization effect by inhibiting hypotonicity induced lysis of erythrocyte membrane. The erythrocyte membrane is analogous to the lysosomal membrane, and its stabilization implies that the extract may as well stabilize lysosomal membrane. Stabilization of lysosomal membrane is important in limiting the inflammatory response by preventing the release of lysosomal constituents of activated neutrophils such as bacterial enzymes and proteases which cause further tissue inflammation and damage. From the above study it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of Parthenium camphora has significant membrane stabilization property compared to the aqueous extract of the same plant and it was comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac Sodium

An assessment of seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations of ambient air quality in the Gurugram city (Haryana)

Gurugram is emerging as one of India's most advanced cities. The combined impact of industrial and vehicular emissions makes the environment toxic. Recently, Gurugram has experienced severe air quality. In the present work, an assessment of seasonal, monthly, and diurnal variations of ambient air quality was carried out in Gurugram during the period of March 2021 to 2022 February. Seasonal and monthly concentrations of key air pollutants like particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) were examined at Vikas sadan, Gwal Pahari and Teri Gram in Gurugram city to study the most polluted seasons and months. Significantly higher mean concentrations of Particulate matter PM2.5 (406.94 μgm−3) and NO2 (353.96ppb) were seen during the colder months and seasons. O3 showed a consistent trend with variations during the year, with the highest concentration in winter (106.35µg/m3). PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations during the night were greater for all seasons when compared to diurnal values. O3 concentrations displayed diurnal tendencies that were the opposite of those of NO2 concentrations. The highest concentrations of ambient PM2.5, NO2, and CO were observed at the Vikas Sadan Monitoring Station. While the NISE Gwal Pahari station showed greater O3 values. The findings highlight the necessity of efficient air pollution control in Gurugram. To prevent public exposure to air pollutants, preventive measures like green spaces, using public transport, etc. must be adopted. The study contributes to a better understanding of air pollution by seasonal, monthly and diurnal assessment in the city of Gurugram