Approximate stabilization of an infinite dimensional quantum stochastic system

International audienceWe study the state feedback stabilization of a quantum harmonic oscillator near a pre-specified Fock state (photon number state). Such a state feedback controller has been recently implemented on a quantized electromagnetic field in an almost lossless cavity. Such open quantum systems are governed by a controlled discrete-time Markov chain in the unit ball of an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. The control design is based on an unbounded Lyapunov function that is minimized at each time-step by feedback. This ensures (weak-*) convergence of probability measures to a final measure concentrated on the target Fock state with a pre-specified probability. This probability may be made arbitrarily close to 1 by choosing the feedback parameters and the Lyapunov function. They are chosen so that the stochastic flow that describes the Markov process may be shown to be tight (concentrated on a compact set with probability arbitrarily close to 1). Convergence proof uses Prohorov's theorem and specific properties of this Lyapunov function

An Effective Utilization of Passive and Motor Loads By Using Three Level Inverter with Simplified Space Vector Modulation Technique

Increase in renewable energy resources like solar , fuel cells had created a need for  inverters which can work on higher operating voltages efficiently  Advances in power electronics technology allowed the vide investigation of multilevel converters that provide high safety voltages ,less harmonic components ,utilization of more input voltage and flexibility in switching the legs compared to the two-level structures .and digital implementation is also very easy .In multilevel inverters space vector modulation (SVPWM) has become the most popular technique for three phase voltage source converters for  the control of ac/dc  drives and Flexible ac transmission application(FACT) controllers. In this paper a simplified SVPWM is being implemented. SVPWM for more than two levels is difficult because for them no. of switching states is very high. In simplified SVPWM timing calculation is required for only one sector and therefore calculations are tremendously reduced and the same could be applied to different types of multilevel inverters like flying capacitor and cascaded h bridge. By using simplified SVPWM a passive RL load and motor load are being simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK

A Simplified Space -Vector Pwm For Three Level Inverters Applied To Passive And Motor Load

Increase in renewable energy resources like solar , fuel cells had created a need for  inverters which can work on higher operating voltages efficiently  Advances in power electronics technology allowed the vide investigation of multilevel converters that provide high safety voltages ,less harmonic components ,utilization of more input voltage and flexibility in switching the legs compared to the two-level structures .and digital implementation is also very easy .In multilevel inverters space vector modulation (SVPWM) has become the most popular technique for three phase voltage source converters for  the control of ac/dc  drives and Flexible ac transmission application(FACT) controllers. In this paper a simplified  SVPWM is being implemented . SVPWM for more than two levels is difficult because for them no. Of switching states is very high. In simplified SVPWM timing calculation is required for only one sector and therefore calculations are tremendously reduced and the same could be applied to different types of multilevel inverters like flying capacitor and cascaded h bridge. By using simplified SVPWM a passive RL load and motor load are being simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK

Dose to swallowing structures and dysphagia in head and neck Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy – A long term prospective analysis

AimTo analyse the long term swallowing function in head and neck cancer patients and correlate with the dose to midline swallowing structures.BackgroundThe use of concurrent chemo radiation (CRT) as the present standard of care resulted in high rates of early and late toxicities. Dysphagia, aspiration, and xerostomia are early as well as late effects of radiation. Not many studies on the dysphagia scores during radiation and follow-up period have correlated dose to the swallowing structures, hence this study.Materials and MethodsHistologically proven head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy were accrued in this study. The pharyngeal constrictors, larynx and cervical oesophagus were contoured and labelled as midline swallowing structures. The volume of the midline swallowing structures which were outside the PTV was delineated separately and was given a mean dose constraint of 45Gy. Dysphagia was assessed at baseline, weekly intervals during irradiation and follow-up at six years. The dose to the structures for swallowing was correlated with degree of dysphagia.ResultsThere was a gradual increase in the dysphagia grade during the course of radiation. There was a significant recovery of late dysphagia compared to dysphagia during the completion of radiation therapy in patients who receive

Study of Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of clinical and metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Aims and objectives: To study the prevalence, symptomatology of thyroid dysfunction and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of thyroidin the patients having metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 60 cases of metabolic syndrome (according to NCEP ATP III criteria) selected from the medicine outdoor clinic (including diabetic clinics, thyroid clinics) and medicine indoor wards in Post Graduate Department of Medicine, SN Medical College and Hospital, Agra. Diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction was made by history, examination and serum FT4 and TSH. Resultand observations: Out of 60 patients of metabolic syndrome, 30 patients (50%) were euthyroid, 13 patients (21.66%) had subclinical hypothyroid and 12 patients (20%) had overt hypothyroid. Five patients (8.33%) of metabolic syndrome had hyperthyroidism. Truncal obesity was most prevalent (80.0%) component of metabolic syndrome, followed by hypertriglyceridemia (70%). Diabetes mellitus was equally prevalent in both males as well as females and was presentin about 40.0% patients and 53% of patients with metabolic syndrome were hypertensive. Conclusion: This study shows that 50% metabolic syndrome patients had thyroid dysfunction. About 21.66% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 20% had overt hypothyroidism and 8.33% were having hyperthyroidism. The most common symptom in metabolic syndrome patients with hypothyroidism was lethargy/sleepiness followed by dry and coarse skin. The most commonsymptom in hyperthyroid patients was nervousness (100%) followed by sweating, heat intolerance and palpitation in 80% of the patients

Study of Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of clinical and metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Aims and objectives: To study the prevalence, symptomatology of thyroid dysfunction and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of thyroid in thepatients having metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 60 cases of metabolic syndrome (according to NCEP ATP III criteria) selected from the medicine outdoor clinic (including diabetic clinics, thyroid clinics) and medicine indoor wards in Post Graduate Department of Medicine, SN Medical College and Hospital, Agra. Diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction was made by history, examination and serum FT4 and TSH. Result and observations: Out of 60 patients of metabolic syndrome, 30 patients (50%) were euthyroid, 13 patients (21.66%) had subclinical hypothyroid and 12 patients (20%) had overt hypothyroid. Five patients (8.33%) of metabolic syndrome had hyperthyroidism. Truncal obesity was most prevalent (80.0%) component of metabolic syndrome, followed by hypertriglyceridemia (70%). Diabetes mellitus was equally prevalent in both males as well as females and was present in about 40.0% patients and 53% of patients with metabolic syndrome were hypertensive. Conclusion: This study shows that 50% metabolic syndrome patients had thyroid dysfunction. About 21.66% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 20% had overt hypothyroidism and 8.33% were having hyperthyroidism. The most common symptom in metabolic syndrome patients with hypothyroidism was lethargy/ sleepiness followed by dry and coarse skin. The most common symptom in hyperthyroid patients was nervousness (100%) followed by sweating, heat intolerance and palpitation in 80% of th

Design and Development of Automated Coconut Dehusking and Crown Removal Machine

This paper presents the design and analysis activities involved in developing an automated coconut de-husking and coconut crown removal machine. The main purpose of this machine is to eliminate the skilled operator involved in de-husking the coconut and to completely automate the dehusking and crown removing process. Although coconut dehusking machines have already been demonstrated in the work [1,3,4] and also in some small scale industries, the process is either manual or semiautomatic. A completely automated machine with manual loading and unloading of coconuts will yield productivity higher than the existing process. Because of that, the current work is mainly focused on an automated machine for dehusking and crown removing. Also, we can yield lot of useful and commercial products from coconut at various stages of its lifecycle [5]. One of the important products is Copra which is the dried meat or kernel of the coconut used to extract coconut oil. So, the machine aims at de-husking and removing the crown of the de-husked coconut of various sizes across the world. In order to get to know about the different sizes of the coconut, various places across India has been visited where exuberant yielding of coconuts are made. Also, dimensional data of coconuts have been collected in some of the other most eminent countries where prominent coconut cultivations are done. Based on the survey the maximum and minimum sizes of the coconut are determined. The machine is designed to accommodate different sizes of the coconut that are cultivated anywhere in the world. Also, various experiments have been conducted on both dry and mature coconuts in order to determine the force required to de-husk the coconut. The proposed experiments have been conducted on a standard Universal Testing Machine

Nasopharyngeal Synovial Sarcoma - An Oncological Surprise

Synovial sarcoma is a rare and aggressive high-grade neoplasm with poor prognosis. It is usually encountered in the lower extremities of young adults; only a few cases have been reported in the head and neck region. We report the fourth case of synovial sarcoma of the nasopharynx, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, complete surgical excision and adjuvant radiation with extensive review of literature

Nasopharyngeal Synovial Sarcoma - An Oncological Surprise

Synovial sarcoma is a rare and aggressive high-grade neoplasm with poor prognosis. It is usually encountered in the lower extremities of young adults; only a few cases have been reported in the head and neck region. We report the fourth case of synovial sarcoma of the nasopharynx, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, complete surgical excision and adjuvant radiation with extensive review of literature.</p

Epworth Sleepiness Scale- a novel tool to assess somnolence syndrome in patients receiving radiotherapy to the brain

Purpose: Radiation to brain causes early, early-delayed, and delayed side effects. There is paucity of literature regarding early-delayed effects like somnolence syndrome. Existing studies use general symptom assessment and visual analog scales. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a time tested tool to assess daytime sleepiness in various conditions. In this study, the ESS has been used to determine the occurrence of somnolence in patients receiving cranial radiotherapy for primary and metastatic brain tumors. Thus the ESS has been used in a novel setting in our study. The ESS is a simple to administer questionnaire and may be useful in grading the severity of somnolence. To our knowledge, this is the second study to determine post radiation somnolence using ESS. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 23 patients with primary and metastatic brain tumor. Patient demographics and tumor type and grade was noted. Those with Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) less than 70 and with pre-existing sleep disorders were excluded. Radiotherapy regimen included palliative whole brain radiation for brain metastases and conformal adjuvant radiotherapy for primary brain tumors as per standard guidelines. All subjects included were administered ESS at baseline and weekly thereafter during and for 6 weeks after radiation. Results: All 23 patients (median age 50 years) completed the planned questionnaires until 6 weeks post radiation. Twenty (87%) patients had primary brain tumors whereas three (13%) patients had metastatic lesions in brain. Of the 23 patients, 14 patients (60.86%) had abnormal or increased daytime sleepiness; of which 3 had ESS scores greater than 16. Conclusion: Somnolence was noted in 60.86% of the patients, which is in accordance with existing literature. Epworth sleepiness scale is an effective tool to detect and quantify somnolence, However, it does not consider other symptoms of somnolence syndrome and hence should be combined with visual analog scale to get complete information