Setback in Secularization: Church and State Relations under the Duterte Administration

As he moves closer to half of his term as president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Roa Duterte has continually been in friction with the Catholic Church, specifically with certain members of its hierarchy. Mainly identifiable as the dividing line between Duterte’s administration and the Church is the issue on human rights particularly the extrajudicial killings (EJK) of suspected users and pushers of illegal drugs. This paper argues that Duterte’s attitude and positioning towards the Catholic Church neither strengthen nor advance the Philippine state towards a greater degree of secularization. On the contrary, the Church has become more politically and publicly involved. Consequently, it has remained a key actor or interest group providing an alternative moral discourse to that of the government

Local Discourse, Identity and the Search for a Filipino Philosophy: A Re-exploration through the Lens of Reynaldo Ileto

Working within the framework of Reynaldo Ileto’s postcolonial discourse, this paper re-explores the Filipino philosophy question and its contem- porary relevance. Re-exploration in this context means re-reading and arguing for sustained discussions on Filipino philosophy. Divided into three parts, the paper presents the history and development of the Filipino philosophy debate and proceeds to an analysis and reflection on Ileto’s writing from Pasyon and Revolution to his more recent work. The third and final part proposes a rethinking of what has been identi- fied as Filipino philosophy in the light of Ileto’s ideas. At the core of this endeavor is the contention that a culture-grounded philosophy is indispensable in nationhood and state-formation. Thus, whether it shall be called “philosophies in the Philippines” or “Filipino philosophy,” or whatever possible nomenclature for such an endeavor, the most es- sential thing is that Filipinos consciously identify and shape their own discourse as a people. Finally, this paper argues for the relevance of continually discussing the question concerning Filipino philosophy

DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: AN EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS

This research aimed to figure out the factors of entrepreneurial intention among senior high school students in various public secondary schools in Tugbok District, Davao City. The non-experimental quantitative research design adopting exploratory factor analysis was used. Three hundred ninety-one respondents were chosen from various public secondary schools through the stratified, random technique. An online instrument using google forms was used to gather the data. Data reduction analysis reduced the multi-dimensionality set of data. Varimax rotation explored the data set with 25 iterations. Factor loadings below .500 were eliminated to realize a more vital separation of components, and eigenvalues greater than one were exposed. The data adequacy was determined by Keiser-Meyer-Olken and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity tested the facts if it is appropriate for factor analysis. Catteel-Scree Plot determined the factors retained, and Thematic analysis was used to generate the constructs. Results showed six dimensions of the entrepreneurial intention of senior high school students, including self-efficacy, perceived desirability, entrepreneurship education, need for achievement, the propensity to risk, and the propensity to act.  Article visualizations

SPORTS ANXIETY OF ATHLETES AND THEIR COPING SKILLS

This study examined sports anxiety and coping skills in high school students from the Davao del Sur Division using online survey questionnaires for 101 participants who are high school students from three major public schools in Davao del Sur. To address the study hypotheses, correlation analysis using Pearson's product-moment correlation, mean, and linear regression was used. Sports Anxiety among athletes is moderate; the results also showed that the athletes' coping skills are at a high level; In addition, there is a significant correlation between sports anxiety and the coping strategies of athletes; However, there is no significant impact of the range of sports anxiety on athletes' coping skills.  Article visualizations

Nivolumab, nuevo anticuerpo monoclonal para el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón no microcítico

El carcinoma de pulmón es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial. Las edades de aparición oscilan entre los 55 y los 75 años siendo los hombres los más afectados. En 2015 se diagnosticaron 23.119 nuevos casos en hombres y 5.205 en mujeres en España, lo que lo convierte en el segundo cáncer con más frecuencia después del cáncer de próstata en hombres y el cáncer de mama en mujeres. Dependiendo de las células afectadas en dicho cáncer se pueden distinguir dos grandes grupos: El carcinoma de células pequeñas o microcíticas y el carcinoma de células no microcíticas. Diversos tratamientos están en uso para combatir dicha enfermedad. Uno de los más recientes es el Nivolumab (Opdivo®). Nivolumab (opdivo®) Nivolumab está indicado para el tratamiento de cáncer de pulmón no microcítico (CPNM) de histología escamosa y no escamosa, localmente avanzado o metastásico en pacientes adultos. También está indicado para el tratamiento del melanoma avanzado y para el carcinoma de células renales tras tratamiento previo. Se trata de un anticuerpo monoclonal humano de tipo inmunoglobulina G4 (IgG4) (HuMAb) que se une al receptor de muerte programada 1 (PD-1) y bloquea su interacción con PD-L1 y PD-L2 evitando que las células tumorales imiten a las células normales y puedan evitar su eliminación

Resultados clínicos de la implementación del cribado de preeclampsia en el primer trimestre en el Departamento de Salud de Alicante – Hospital General.

Introducción y objetivos: La preeclampsia (PE) es un trastorno multisistémico específico de la gestación que se asocia con una importante morbimortalidad materna y neonatal. El tratamiento preventivo con aspirina en las mujeres con alto riesgo de desarrollar PE reduce la incidencia de PE precoz (PEP). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico del cribado combinado poblacional de PE de primer trimestre en el Departamento de Salud de Alicante-Hospital General (DSA – HG). Se compararán los resultados obtenidos con los del cribado contingente que se realizaba anteriormente en dicho Departamento, tanto en términos de efectividad como de costes. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo sobre el cribado de PE de 1º trimestre realizado en el DSA – HG durante el periodo 01/06/2021 al 31/05/2022. La variable principal del estudio ha sido la aparición de PEP. Para el análisis de la efectividad del cribado se ha utilizado la calculadora disponible en: http://evalmed.es/category/calculadora/. Para el análisis del número necesario a tratar se utilizó la calculadora disponible en: http://evalmed.es/category/calculadora/. Para el estudio de costes, se han usado como referencia los datos económicos proporcionados por la Dirección Económica del Hospital General Universitario (HGU) Dr. Balmis. Resultados: En la población a estudio (n = 1.496), la incidencia de PE global fue del 2,27% y la de PEP fue del 0,40%. La tasa de detección del cribado fue del 66,7%, con una tasa de falsos positivos (TFP) del 5,44% y una especificidad del 94,6%. Tras el ajuste del efecto de la aspirina, la tasa de detección habría sido de 83,3%, TFP del 5,06% y especificidad del 94,9%. El número necesario a cribar y el número necesario a tratar de la aspirina fue 1/249 y 1/14 respectivamente. La implementación poblacional del cribado combinado, con respecto al cribado contingente, evitó 4 casos de PE precoz, suponiendo un ahorro de 72.669,29 €. Conclusiones: La implantación poblacional del cribado de la PE precoz en el primer trimestre y la intervención profiláctica con aspirina tiene el potencial de reducir la incidencia de PE precoz y un ahorro de costes al sistema, lo cual hace que sea rentable su implantación en el entorno sanitario público.Introduction and objectives: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a gestation-specific multisystem disorder associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Preventive aspirin therapy in women at high risk of developing PE reduces the incidence of early PE. The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of population combined screening of first-trimester PE in the Department of Health of Alicante General Hospital. The results obtained will be compared with those of the contingent screening previously carried out in this Department, in terms of effectiveness and costs. Material and methods: A descriptive, observational, and retrospective study of 1st trimester PE from 01/06/2021 to 31/05/2022. The main variable of the study was the occurrence of early PE. The calculator was available at: http://evalmed.es/category/calculadora/ and was used to analyse the effectiveness of the screening. The calculator available at: http://evalmed.es/category/calculadora/ was used to analyze the number need to treat. The economic data provided by the Economic Department of University General Hospital were used as a reference for the cost study. Results: In the study population (n = 1,496), the incidence of overall PE was 2.27% and that of early PE was 0.40%. The screening detection rate was 66.7%, with a false positive rate (FPR) of 5.44% and a specificity of 94.6%. After adjustment for the effect of aspirin, the detection rate would have been 83.3%, FPR 5.06%, and specificity 94.9%. The number needed to screen, and number needed to treat with aspirin was 1/249 and 1/14 respectively. Compared to contingent screening, the implementation of population combined screening has avoided 4 cases of early PE, saving €72,669.29. Conclusions: Population implementation of early first-trimester PE screening and prophylactic aspirin intervention has the potential to reduce the incidence of early PE and cost savings to the system, making it cost-effective to implement in the public health setting

Kadcyla, nuevo medicamento para el cáncer de mama her2+

T-DM1 ó Trastuzumab-Emtansina (Kadcyla®) es un nuevo fármaco antineoplásico, innovador, único y selectivo utilizado en pacientes con cáncer de mama HER2+ avanzado tratadas previamente con trastuzumab y un taxano. (6) T-DM1 es un conjugado anticuerpo fármaco compuesto por el anticuerpo antiHER2 trastuzumab (Herceptin®) y por el agente citotóxicos microtúbulos, DM1, unidos mediante un enlace estable. Este fármaco actúa de forma selectiva sobre las células tumorales HER2+ , ejerciendo por un lado los mecanismos de acción propios del trastuzumab y por el otro lado el potente efecto citotóxico propio del DM1. La principal ventaja de este complejo fármaco-anticuerpo conjugado es que tiene una liberación selectiva, por lo que sus efectos secundarios son mínimos respecto a otros agentes neoplásicos utilizados para la misma patología. (4,5) Se realizó un estudio de registro ( estudio EMILIA ), en el cual se comparaba el tratamiento objeto del estudio respecto al tratamiento con lapatinib mas capecitabina, en pacientes con cáncer de mama localmente avanzado irresecable o metastásico HER2+ que habían sido tratados previamente con trastuzumab y un taxano. Las pacientes debían haber progresado en la enfermedad durante o después del tratamiento más reciente hasta los 6 meses siguientes a la finalización de la adyuvancia. Las conclusiones a las que se llegaron con el tratamiento del T-DM1 fueron: (4,5) • Aumento de la supervivencia libre de progresión: 9.6 meses con T-DM1 respecto a los 6.4 meses con lapatinib mas capecitabina. • Aumento de supervivencia global: 30.9 meses con T-DM1 frente a 25.1 meses con lapatinib mas capecitabina. • Perfil de efectos secundarios mejor tolerado y retraso significativo en el tiempo hasta la progresión de los síntomas (7.1 meses para T-DM1 vs 4.6 meses para la lapatinib mas capecitabina). Estos datos demuestran que TDM-1 produce una mejoría en la supervivencia en pacientes previamente tratadas con trastuzumab y un taxano. Por todo ello, se recomienda su uso en pacientes con cáncer de mama avanzado HER2+ que haya progresado a trastuzumab y un taxano, tanto en una segunda línea como en las recidivas precoces, ocurridas durante o tras la finalización de la adyuvancia (menos o igual a seis meses)

Validation for the transition of SPSS QI Analyst to the SPC for Excel program for quality control charting

The statistical process control charting software utilised by the Inorganic Geochemistry team, SPSS QI Analyst version 3.5, (1998, (QIA)), was no longer viable because it was incompatible with operating system requirements for networked computers. Therefore, an alternative program, SPC for Excel version 5, (2017, (SPC)), has been validated to replace the legacy version of QIA. The benefits of using SPC include but are not limited to the following: Conformity with accredited QC processes according to the Inorganic Geochemistry Analytical Quality Control Operating Procedure (AGN 1.7) Ease of transferring results from the analytical software Program is accessible to computers connected to the network Control charting and recording QC checks are all accomplished using Excel alone User friendly with moderate Excel skills Lower cost per licence than the latest version of the existing software The following document provides evidence to satisfy the requirements of UKAS accredited Standard ISO17025 by validating the new software system against the existing QIA software according to a validation plan using two complementary approaches. Specifically, this validation document comprises: Tests with a synthetic dataset, which confirms that QIA and SPC for Excel produce the same result against the criteria specified by Analytical Quality Control procedures (AGN 1.7) Tests with standards run during a recent large stream water analysis programme, which confirms that QIA and SPC for Excel control charts are able to perform the same quality control checks for analytes in “real” control sample data A comparative table of terminology differences between QIA and SPC for Excel A companion document “SPC for Excel Instruction manual v2_WORKING VERSION”, provides working guidance on the operation of SPC for Excel version 5 2017, located in Appendix 5

A natural inter-genotypic (2b/1b) recombinant of hepatitis C virus in the Philippines

金沢大学大学院医学系研究科感染症制御学The prevalence study and the characterization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was carried out in the Philippines and the sequence determination of the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR)-Core and the NS5B regions of HCV was carried out in this study. An HCV strain (SE-03-07-1689) collected in Metro Manila, Philippines, belonged to discordant subtypes, 2b and 1b in 5′-UTR-Core and NS5B regions, respectively. The 9.3 kb sequence of this strain including the entire open reading frame was compared with those of the reference strains retrieved from the HCV sequences database (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ) and indicated a recombination event. The computation of the sequence similarity mapped a crossover point within the NS3 region. This is the second report on the inter-genotype recombinant of HCV and the third when an intra-genotype recombinant is included. This recombinant strain, SE-03-07-1689, is designated tentatively as RF3_2b/1b according to the suggestions used for the other two HCV recombinants. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Rapid spread of hepatitis C virus among injecting-drug users in the Philippines: Implications for HIV epidemics

金沢大学大学院医学系研究科感染症制御学From the trends of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in South and Southeast Asia, it was postulated that an HIV epidemic would start as a blood-borne infection among injecting-drug users in the Philippines. In 2002, 560 individuals were recruited in Metro Cebu, Philippines and tested for HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. The seroprevalence of anti-HCV among injecting-drug users (70.1%, 61/87) was significantly higher than those among inhalation drug users (16.3%, 7/43; P = 0.00; OR = 12), sex workers (0%, 0/130; P = 0.00; OR = ∞), antenatal clinic attendees (0%, 0/100; P = 0.00; OR = ∞), and students/health care workers (2%, 4/200; P = 0.00; OR = 115). The seroprevalence of HBsAg among injecting-drug users (10.3%, 9/87) was significantly higher than those among sex workers (2.3%, 3/130; P = 0.01; OR = 4.9), and antenatal clinic attendees (3%, 3/100; P = 0.04; OR = 3.7), but was not statistically different from those among inhalation drug users (9.3%, 4/43; P = 0.9) and students/health care workers (4.5%, 9/200; P = 0.06). None of the study population was reactive to anti-HIV antibody. The HCV strains obtained from the injecting-drug users belonged to either genotype 1a or 2b and the strains in each genotype clustered closely to each other. There was no dual infection with genotype 1a and 2b. These results suggest that the HCV infection in injecting-drug users may be emanating rapidly from limited number individuals in Metro Cebu, Philippines. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc