1,012 research outputs found
Health, Hygiene and Sanitation in Latin America, c.1870 to c.1950
This Research Paper sets out to examine transitions within health care in Latin America between c. 1870 and c. 1950 and offers a preliminary synthesis. Whereas a powerful historiography has evolved over the past thirty years that
strives to synthesise diffuse materials on the insertion of Latin America into the world economy and subsequent 'de-linkage', there are few attempts to
summarise the historiography of social policy. Given the embryonic nature of the subject, the author is trying to avoid premature generalisation and excessive claims, and is fully conscious that more questions are raised than
are resolved by this paper. A broad chronological canvas is adopted, which
is useful in clarifying diversity within the continent, but can also obscure
issues of periodisation.
The first section enquires into the relationship between the genesis of a
modern public health policy and the experience of tackling epidemic and
endemic diseases, and reviews the motives behind ameliorative health
measures undertaken by the state and business, especially foreign enterprise,
and their significance. The second section investigates the interaction
between external forces and domestic changes: both the role of an international
voluntary agency in tackling prostitution and, by implication, venereal
diseases; and the significance of missions from developed countries that
aimed to raise an alertness to modern methodology and investigation in
'tropical medicine', to institutionalise public health laboratories, and to
undertake 'campaigns' against targeted diseases. This section concludes with
an analysis of a specific example of externally inspired innovation in hygiene
and sanitation: the Panama Canal. There follows a section that uses the
special case of Rio de Janeiro to elucidate problems of evolving a public
health policy for cities; and from that vantage point looks at the beginnings
of public health policy in the Brazilian countryside. The penultimate section
looks at the diffusion of scientific knowledge, the limits to its impact and the
resilience of Luso-Hispanic, Amerindian and Afro-Latin American traditions
of healing and curing. The final section consists of notes on the nature of the
relationship between levels of health and of nutrition and housing
Controlling the Big Stick: Theodore Roosevelt and theCuban Crisis of 1906
Theodore Roosevelt is unquestionably one of the giants of American political history. A veritable dynamo both in and out of office, Roosevelt was nothing less than a turn-of-the-century Renaissance man who combined a scholar\u27s keen intellect with a rough-and-tumble spirit of adventure. As this Nation\u27s twenty-sixth President, Roosevelt may be best remembered for developing his own corollary to James Monroe\u27s famous doctrine of 1823 and then using American military muscle to bring its tenets to life
First Stars III Conference Summary
The understanding of the formation, life, and death of Population III stars,
as well as the impact that these objects had on later generations of structure
formation, is one of the foremost issues in modern cosmological research and
has been an active area of research during the past several years. We summarize
the results presented at "First Stars III," a conference sponsored by Los
Alamos National Laboratory, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and
Cosmology, and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics. This conference,
the third in a series, took place in July 2007 at the La Fonda Hotel in Santa
Fe, New Mexico, U.S.A.Comment: 11 pages, no figures; Conference summary for First Stars III, which
was held in Santa Fe, NM on July 15-20, 2007. To appear in "Proceedings of
First Stars III," Eds. Brian W. O'Shea, Alexander Heger & Tom Abe
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