Understanding of The Customers’ Perception on Islamic Banking and Financial Services in Malaysia

The main objectives: The main objectives of this study are to delve customers’ knowledge and perception of Islamic banking financial products and services. Background Problem: The background problem is lack of awareness and understanding of the Islamic finance industry is a major challenge for clients, investors, and other stakeholders. Islamic Banking and Finance (IBF) is a booming sector in the financial industry. However, it is still at a developing stage in the economy. Clients awareness is a crucial step to attain its business and social-welfare objectives by abiding by Islamic commercial law. Research Methodology: The research methodology implemented was empirical/inductive. A survey via questionnaire was conducted on 135 banking clients via questionnaires; a comparison between Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) and non-BIMB clients was exemplified using mean and T-test statistics, on their level of knowledge and understanding of the different principles, products, and services of IBF. Results and Findings: Results and findings have inferred that there is not much significant difference in their level of knowledge and understanding. Then it was examined whether there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of the clients and their preference for IBF services. Research Contribution: The contribution of this study can help the Islamic banking industry gain insight into the current level of understanding of IBF products and services among the clients. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study indicates that there must be more attempts to educate clients and other stakeholders of the Islamic banking industry.  Finally, it was also concluded that the clients have a better perception of the prospect of the IBF industry in Malaysia, despite it being at a developing stage

Fuzzy Metric Space: A Study on Level Sets Notion

Abstract. In this paper, the Level sets concept of fuzzy numbers is considered to study fuzzy metric space. Some properties of metric space along with contraction mapping are revised in terms of the notion of level sets

Direct Phenolysis Reactions of Unactivated Amides into Phenolic Esters Promoted by a Heterogeneous CeO2 Catalyst

The direct catalytic esterification of amides that leads to the construction of C-O bonds through the cleavage of amide C-N bonds is a highly attractive strategy in organic synthesis. While aliphatic and aromatic alcohols can be readily used for the alcoholysis of activated and unactivated amides, the introduction of phenols is more challenging due to their lower nucleophilicity in the phenolysis of unactivated amides. Herein, we demonstrate that phenols can be used for the phenolysis of unactivated amides into the corresponding phenolic esters using a simple heterogenous catalytic system based on CeO2 under additive-free reaction conditions. The method tolerates a broad variety of functional groups (>50 examples) in the substrates. Results of kinetic studies afforded mechanistic insights into the principles governing this reaction, suggesting that the cooperative effects of the acid-base functions of catalysts would be of paramount importance for the efficient progression of the C-N bond breaking process, and consequently, CeO2 showed the best catalytic performance among the catalysts explored

Selective C3-alkenylation of oxindole with aldehydes using heterogeneous CeO2 catalyst

We report herein that a commercially available CeO2 is an active and reusable catalyst for the C3-selective alkenylation of oxindole with aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. This. catalytic method is generally applicable to different aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, giving 3-alkyledene-oxindoles in high yields (87%-99%) and high stereoselectivities (79%-93% to E-isomers). This is the first example of the catalytic synthesis of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles from oxindole and various aliphatic aldehydes. The Lewis acid-base interaction between Lewis acid sites on CeO2 and benzaldehyde was studied by in situ IR. The structure-activity relationship study using CeO2 catalysts with different sizes suggests that defect-free CeO2 surface is the active site for this reaction. (C) 2020, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Selective Transformations of Triglycerides into Fatty Amines, Amides, and Nitriles by using Heterogeneous Catalysis

The use of triglycerides as an important class of biomass is an effective strategy to realize a more sustainable society. Herein, three heterogeneous catalytic methods are reported for the selective one-pot transformation of triglycerides into value-added chemicals: i) the reductive amination of triglycerides into fatty amines with aqueous NH3 under H-2 promoted by ZrO2-supported Pt clusters; ii) the amidation of triglycerides under gaseous NH3 catalyzed by high-silica H-beta (H beta) zeolite at 180 degrees C; iii) the H beta-promoted synthesis of nitriles from triglycerides and gaseous NH3 at 220 degrees C. These methods are widely applicable to the transformation of various triglycerides (C-4-C-18 skeletons) into the corresponding amines, amides, and nitriles

Direct Phenolysis Reactions of Unactivated Amides into Phenolic Esters Promoted by a Heterogeneous CeO 2

The direct catalytic esterification of amides that leads to the construction of C-O bonds through the cleavage of amide C-N bonds is a highly attractive strategy in organic synthesis. While aliphatic and aromatic alcohols can be readily used for the alcoholysis of activated and unactivated amides, the introduction of phenols is more challenging due to their lower nucleophilicity in the phenolysis of unactivated amides. Herein, we demonstrate that phenols can be used for the phenolysis of unactivated amides into the corresponding phenolic esters using a simple heterogenous catalytic system based on CeO2 under additive-free reaction conditions. The method tolerates a broad variety of functional groups (>50 examples) in the substrates. Results of kinetic studies afforded mechanistic insights into the principles governing this reaction, suggesting that the cooperative effects of the acid-base functions of catalysts would be of paramount importance for the efficient progression of the C-N bond breaking process, and consequently, CeO2 showed the best catalytic performance among the catalysts explored