視覚制限下における落下高度の事前知識の有無が着地時の下肢バイオメカニクスに与える影響

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Indolyl 1,2-Propanediol Alkaloid, 1-(1H-Indol-3-yloxy)propan-2-ol

The first total synthesis of the proposed structure of unprecedented indolyl derivative bearing 1,2-propanediol moiety is described. Isomerization of 3-alkoxyindolines through indolenium intermediates was the key step in the total synthesis. H-1, C-13-NMR, IR, and HRMS spectra of the synthetic compound drastically differed to those of the originally reported structure, which suggests the natural product requires revision

Traditional Chinese Medicines and Prescriptions Brought from China to Japan by a Monk (Jianzhen, Japanese: Ganjin): A Historical Review

(1) Background: Japanese Kampo medicine has its origin in ancient Chinese medicine. In 742, a Tang Dynasty monk named Jianzhen (Ganjin) was invited by Japanese clerics to visit Japan and teach commandments in Buddhism. Because of the dangers of the voyage and also other obstacles, he took 11 years to reach Japan on the sixth voyage and he was blind when he arrived in Japan. He was the first person in China to go to Japan to establish the Buddhism commandments, and he was also the first person in Japan to directly teach traditional Chinese medicine. Until now, there have been few reports in English about the details of the Chinese herbal medicines he brought to Japan, including the types of herbal medicines, pharmacological activities, and formulations. In the review, we systematically and comprehensively summarized Jianzhen’s life from the standpoint of his medical and pharmaceutical knowledge and the types and pharmacological activities of Chinese herbal medicines and prescriptions that were brought to Japan by Jianzhen; (2) Methods: A review was made on the relevant literature written by Chinese, Japanese, and English languages regarding the medical and pharmacological knowledge of Jianzhen, the 36 Chinese herbal medicines brought to Japan by Jianzhen, and the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of these 36 herbal medicines, as well as their formulations; (3) Results: The review of the literature proved that Jianzhen’s prescriptions served as a basis for current herbal medicines (Kampo) in Japan. In the process of the literature search, we found a book entitled Jianshangren (Holy Priest Jianzhen)’s Secret Prescription, which recorded the complete prescription of the 36 traditional Chinese medicines Jianzhen brought to Japan; (4) Conclusions: Jianzhen is one of the ancestors of traditional Chinese medicine/Kampo medicine, and he brought traditional Chinese medicine and medical books to Japan for patients. He made important contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan

The relationship of car driving and bicycle riding on physical activity and social participation in Japanese rural areas

Limited transportation leads to restriction of activity. However, few studies have paid attention to the effect of the type of transportation. This study focused on car driving and bicycle riding and aimed to examine the association of these transportation methods with physical activity and social participation in Japanese older adults. This cross-sectional study included 374 Japanese older adults living in a rural area. Physical activity was evaluated using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. The data on transportation mode and 4 types of social participation were obtained from a self-reported questionnaire. An analysis of covariance and a multivariate Poisson regression analysis were conducted to evaluate associations. The sample comprised 304 participants who usually drive a car and 106 who regularly ride a bicycle. Although there was no significant association between car driving and physical activity, bicycle riding showed positive association with leisure time activity (p = .009), household activity (p = .001), and total physical activity (p community association (PR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.11–2.77) and volunteer activities (PR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08–2.43). These results suggested that car driving and bicycle riding have different effects on physical activity and social participation.本文pdf：タイトル表記無

Lithium carbonate accelerates the healing of apical periodontitis

Apical periodontitis is a disease caused by bacterial invasions through the root canals. Our previous study reported that lithium chloride (LiCl) had a healing effect on apical periodontitis. The aim of this report is to investigate the healing properties and mechanism of lithium ion (Li+) for apical periodontitis using rat root canal treatment model. 10-week-old male Wistar rat’s mandibular first molars with experimentally induced apical periodontitis underwent root canal treatment and were applied lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) containing intracanal medicament. Base material of the medicament was used as a control. Subject teeth were scanned by micro-CT every week and the periapical lesion volume was evaluated. The lesion volume of Li2CO3 group was significantly smaller than that of the control group. Histological analysis showed that in Li2CO3 group, M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells were induced in the periapical lesion. In situ hybridization experiments revealed a greater expression of Col1a1 in Li2CO3 group compared with the control group. At 24 h after application of intracanal medicament, Axin2-positive cells were distributed in Li2CO3 group. In conclusion, Li2CO3 stimulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and accelerate the healing process of apical periodontitis, modulating the immune system and the bone metabolism.Kagioka T., Itoh S., Hue M.T., et al. Lithium carbonate accelerates the healing of apical periodontitis. Scientific Reports 13, 7886 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34700-z

A water channel closely related to rat brain aquaporin 4 is expressed in acid- and pepsinogen-secretory cells of human stomach

AbstractWe isolated a cDNA clone encoding a water channel protein, aquaporin (AQP), from human stomach. The encoded protein consisted of 323 amino acid residues, containing six putative transmembrane domains. The protein was designated human aquaporin 4 (hAQP4) because of its 94% sequence similarity to rat brain AQP4. Expression of hAQP4 cRNA in Xenopus oocytes resulted in a significant increase in osmotic water permeability, indicating that this protein functions as a water channel. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a strong signal of hAQP4 mRNA in brain, lung, and skeletal muscle as well as in stomach. Immunohistochemical experiments with human stomach tissues showed that hAQP4 as a protein is expressed mainly in cells located in the glandular portion of the fundic mucosa. These include chief cells which secrete pepsinogen and parietal cells which secrete hydrochloric acid. These results strongly indicate that hAQP4 is a principal factor involved in the osmotic regulation of pepsinogen and acid secretion in the stomach