Exchange Rate, Price and Dynamic Effects: Thailand Case

为了稳定泰国的汇率和价格水平，我们尝试探究其国内通货膨胀和汇率水平如何应对冲击。我们开发了向量自回归模型的多变量系统方程进行分析，该系统方程同时也可以捕获泰国的短期利率和供给冲击。分析表明，对于外部冲击，泰国通货膨胀的反应比泰国汇率反应要敏感得多。我们发现这样一个事实，泰国汇率及国内和国外通货通胀之间存在着单双向因果关系。基于这点，我们建议将宏观经济的自动调节建立于稳定机制上，这将有助于减轻经济冲击带来的影响(主要是需求冲击)；另外，我们还建议实行管理汇率制以应对国外价格对泰国国内价格水平的影响，还有由泰国中央银行和泰国政府实施的价格紧缩政策以维持泰国物价稳定。This paper examines the impact of external shocks on Thai inflation. It begins with a research on how the domestic inflation and the exchange rate levels respond to variation in shocks. The empirical models are the multivariate system equations of the Vector Auto-Regressive model and Granger causality test. These models also capture the short-term interest rate as well as demand and supply shocks...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院_国际贸易学学号：1522014115455

“Because I Care I risk”: How CEO Free Market Orientation Affects the Extent and Type of Income Smoothing

The executive political ideology literature suffers from a lack of conceptual clarity because social and economic issues are conflated. This has created an inconsistency in empirical findings with the theoretical predictions of the political ideology construct. In this dissertation, I identify a distinct economic component, free market orientation, based on support for economic individualism, competition, and property rights to reconcile these inconsistencies. Specifically, I argue that these indicators of free market orientation will have a unique impact on the way executives run their organizations. I develop a novel scale that measures CEO economic values that I term free market orientation and demonstrate its distinctness from a broad political ideology construct of CEO liberalism-conservatism. To do so, I conduct a content analysis of firm earnings conference calls to measure three indicators of free market orientation of CEOs – economic individualism, competition, and property rights. As an initial demonstration of the significance of CEOs’ economic ideology, in the sample of 140 CEOs who were appointed to their positions in years 2008 and 2009, I also develop and test the idea that CEOs’ free market orientation will influence their firms’ extent and type of income smoothing strategies, defined as an attempt on the part of the firm\u27s management to actively manage earnings toward a predetermined target. Specifically, I argue that free market oriented CEOs are more likely to engage in income smoothing and choose income smoothing strategies with the least harm to shareholder value but of more risk to themselves – discretionary accounting accruals. Thus, by engaging in income smoothing and choosing among certain earnings management strategies (real activities, accretive stock repurchases, or discretionary accounting accruals), free market-oriented CEOs not only display their ability to take greater risks but also their focus on the primacy of current shareholder interests over that of other firm stakeholders

Introduction to Microsatellites: Basics, Trends and Highlights

La arveja (Pisum sativum L.) es uno de los cultivos domesticados más antiguos, altamente valorados y ampliamente cultivados en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, en Colombia esta especie carece de estudios genéticos que permitan establecer la variabilidad total. Se estudió la estructura y diversidad genética en una colección de 50 introducciones de arveja arbustiva provenientes del departamento de Nariño con 16 marcadores de repetición de secuencia simple (SSR). El promedio del contenido de información polimórfica (PIC) fue 0,62 con un total de 28 alelos y un promedio de 4 alelos por locus, siendo el locus AB71 y D21 los que amplificaron el mayor número de alelos (6). La Heterocigosidad observada (Ho) fue 0.09± 0.08 y la esperada (He) 0.42± 0.33, indicando un alto nivel de endogamia (Fis= 0.60) demostrando la naturaleza homocigota de P. sativum. Se infirieron las relaciones genéticas por medio de un análisis de similitud y un análisis Bayesiano (STRUCTURE) detectando dos agrupaciones para los genotipos de arveja analizados, con una alta similitud con las características agromorfológicas de cada genotipo. A pesar de la baja heterocigosis, los valores de heterocigosidad espera de la población total (He = 0.60) y de la agrupación 2 (He = 0.70) así como la presencia de alelos únicos y raros, muestran un nivel de variabilidad genética en la colección. Los resultados del presente estudio serán útiles para programas de pre - mejoramiento de la misma.The pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the oldest domesticated crops, which is highly valued and widely cultivated throughout the world. The structure and genetic diversity were studied in a collection of 50 pea shrubs accessions from department of Nariño with 16 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, whose average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.62. SSR markers amplified 28 alleles with an average of 4 alleles per locus, with locus AB71 and D21 being the ones which amplified the largest number of alleles (6). The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.09 and the expected heterozygosity (He) 0.42, indicating an elevated level of inbreeding (FIS = 0.60) and demonstrating the homozygous nature of P. sativum. Genetic relationships were inferred by a similarity index (DICE) and a Bayesian Analysis (STRUCTURE), detecting two clusters for the analyzed peas’ genotypes and presenting high similarity in the agromorphological characteristics of each genotype. The combined discrimination power, using seven microsatellites molecular markers, was 99.99% indicating that these markers are very useful for genetic studies in peas. The results of this study are useful for P. Sativum pre-breeding programs.Línea de Investigación: Biotecnología VegetalSe solicito restringir el acceso hasta el 2023, debido a que se tienen varios artículos derivados en proceso de publicación

Bioinformatics: Basics, Development, and Future

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary scientific field of life sciences. Bioinformatics research and application include the analysis of molecular sequence and genomics data; genome annotation, gene/protein prediction, and expression profiling; molecular folding, modeling, and design; building biological networks; development of databases and data management systems; development of software and analysis tools; bioinformatics services and workflow; mining of biomedical literature and text; and bioinformatics education and training. Astronomical accumulation of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data as well as a need for their storage, analysis, annotation, organization, systematization, and integration into biological networks and database systems were the main driving forces for the emergence and development of bioinformatics. Current critical needs for bioinformatics among others highlighted in this chapter, however, are to understand basics and specifics of bioinformatics as well as to prepare new generation scientists and specialists with integrated, interdisciplinary, and multilingual knowledge who can use modern bioinformatics resources powered with sophisticated operating systems, software, and database/networking technologies. In this introductory chapter, I aim to give an overall picture on basics and developments of the bioinformatics field for readers with some future perspectives, highlighting chapters published in this book

Genomics Era for Plants and Crop Species – Advances Made and Needed Tasks Ahead

Historically, unintentional plant selection and subsequent crop domestication, coupled with the need and desire to get more food and feed products, have resulted in the continuous development of plant breeding and genetics efforts. The progress made toward this goal elucidated plant genome compositions and led to decoding the full DNA sequences of plant genomes controlling the entire plant life. Plant genomics aims to develop high-throughput genome-wide-scale technologies, tools, and methodologies to elucidate the basics of genetic traits/characteristics, genetic diversities, and by-product production; to understand the phenotypic development throughout plant ontogenesis with genetic by environmental interactions; to map important loci in the genome; and to accelerate crop improvement. Plant genomics research efforts have continuously increased in the past 30 years due to the availability of cost-effective, high-throughput DNA sequencing platforms that resulted in fully sequenced 100 plant genomes with broad implications for every aspect of plant biology research and application. These technological advances, however, also have generated many unexpected challenges and grand tasks ahead. In this introductory chapter, I aimed briefly to summarize some advances made in plant genomics studies in the past three decades, plant genome sequencing efforts, current state-of-the-art technological developments of genomics era, and some of current grand challenges and needed tasks ahead in the genomics and post-genomics era. I also highlighted the related book chapters contributed by different authors in this book

RNA Interference – A Hallmark of Cellular Function and Gene Manipulation

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) and its utilization in downregulation of specific target transcripts have revolutionized gene function analysis and elucidation of many key biochemical/genetic pathways. The insights into gene function, combined with a technology that made silencing of gene function possible using the potent, highly specific and selective RNAi approaches, provided the solution to longstanding complex obstacles in targeted crop improvementsfor agriculture, and disease therapies for medicine. In this introductory chapter, I aim briefly to cover the basics and peculiarities of RNAi and the advances made in understanding the mechanisms, components, function, evolution, application, safety and risk assessment of RNAi, while at the same time highlighting the related chapters of this book

Mathematical Modeling of Oil Heating Process

This article is based on a mathematical model based on fuzzy logic in oil production. The obtained analysis was performed. The implementation of this task can be achieved by mathematical modeling of the oil heating process in the oil refining system. Mathematical modeling involves the calculation of a number of values and indicators

Application of Association Mapping to Understanding the Genetic Diversity of Plant Germplasm Resources

Compared to the conventional linkage mapping, linkage disequilibrium (LD)-mapping, using the nonrandom associations of loci in haplotypes, is a powerful high-resolution mapping tool for complex quantitative traits. The recent advances in the development of unbiased association mapping approaches for plant population with their successful applications in dissecting a number of simple to complex traits in many crop species demonstrate a flourish of the approach as a “powerful gene tagging” tool for crops in the plant genomics era of 21st century. The goal of this review is to provide nonexpert readers of crop breeding community with (1) the basic concept, merits, and simple description of existing methodologies for an association mapping with the recent improvements for plant populations, and (2) the details of some of pioneer and recent studies on association mapping in various crop species to demonstrate the feasibility, success, problems, and future perspectives of the efforts in plants. This should be helpful for interested readers of international plant research community as a guideline for the basic understanding, choosing the appropriate methods, and its application

Dynamics of the movement of the ripping tool for surface tillage

The study aims to analyze the stability of the movement of the ripper tool for surface tillage. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The dynamics of the movement of a ripper tool for surface tillage are considered, depending on the forces acting on it and its design parameters. A computational dynamic model is developed, and an equation describing the angular oscillations of the longitudinal links of the parallelogram ripper mechanism is obtained. It is established that the uniformity of the depth of the cultivator depends on the amplitude and frequency changes of the components of the disturbing force, physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the moment of inertia of the Ripper, the length of the longitudinal links parallelogram mechanism, the forces of the pre-tension pressure springs, and its stiffness. It is established that the required uniformity of the depth of tillage can be achieved by selecting the pre-tension force of the pressure spring and its rigidity. Theoretical and experimental studies have established that the required uniformity of the processing depth with minimal energy consumption of the soil is provided with a pre-tension force of the pressure spring of the ripper attachment mechanism of 350 n, spring stiffness of 40 n / cm, and a speed of 2.0 m/s