Preliminary assessment of lakes water quality status at campus area in Selangor, Malaysia

A study was conducted to assess the water quality status of Engineering and Serumpun Lakes located in campus area. Selected water quality parameters (Biochemical Oxygen Demand - BOD, Chemical Oxygen Demand - COD, Dissolved Oxygen - DO, turbidity, Suspended Solids - SS, pH and Ammonia Nitrogen-NH3-N) were determined for about two months observation in the wet season and the average results were compared to Malaysian standards. The status of lakes were determined by using Water Quality Index (WQI) and classified according to the Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS), Malaysia. The observed values for seven parameters of Engineering Lake were classified as IIA/B and V classes as well as Serumpun Lake. From the results, the lakes can be used for recreational purposes. However, based on WQI calculated value, the status of the lakes during the study period was indicated as polluted; 31.6 and 32.5 for Engineering and Serumpun lakes, respectively. Both lakes were classified as Class IV and the water suitable for irrigation uses only

Water quality assessment of UPM lake and the impact of geographic information system

A study of the water quality changes of engineering lake was conducted for 3 months in March, August and September. A total of 8 water quality parameters were measured and their average monthly observations were recorded with consideration of both point source and non-point source (NPS) pollutants. The parameters measured were Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N), pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and water temperature. This was done according to the guidelines of department of environment (DOE) Malaysia on water quality assessment with respect to Interim National Water Quality standards (INWQS). Based on INWQS and WQI Malaysia the lake was classified as polluted against class IIb. This shows the lake is not suitable for recreational activities such as fishing, canoeing. The level of pollution based on spatial resolution of two water quality parameters, BOD and water temperature was made possible using geographical information system (GIS). ARCMAP 10.1 software was used for this application to determine the concentration of the parameters at every position in the lake

Geospatial analysis of lake water quality parameters in Selangor, Malaysia using GIS

Geospatial analysis of eight water quality parameters was applied for the assessment of the water quality of Serumpun lake located in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor. The Interim Water Quality Standard Malaysia (INWQS), Malaysian water quality index (WQI) and the Canadian water quality standards were applied for classification of the lake water. The spatial distribution of the water quality parameters was achieved by interpolation using inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. The result of the investigation indicated that the lake was polluted according to the Malaysian WQI having a value of 22.4. The three sub-index parameters were also classified as polluted according to the Department of Environment (DOE), Malaysia. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) was used for further classification of the lake. The result of CCME-WQI showed that the lake was polluted with a value of 25.91

Effects of Solution Matrix on Moringa oleifera Seeds and Banana Peel in Eliminating Heavy Metals, Fluoride and Turbidity from Synthetic groundwater samples

Plant-based biomass has become an environmental-friendly water purification agent in replacing conventional chemicals. In the previous study, Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds and banana peel (BP) have been selected based on their moderate to high effectiveness in removing lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, turbidity, and fluoride from synthetic groundwater samples. This study was aimed to investigate further the effects of solution matrix on the biomass effectiveness. Batch experiments were conducted by using coagulation technique and the initial pH of the solutions was controlled to be at pH 7. The results demonstrate that the removal rates for most of the pollutants in multi-contaminant solution were higher compared to the single-contaminant solution. The reason could be due to electrostatic or mutual interactions between contaminants present in the solution thus improved the removal rates of those contaminants. The findings are significantly important to understand the effects and removal behavior of the biomass in different solution matrix

Characterization and kinetics study of activated coconut shells, cow bones and zeolite based adsorbent for pome treatment

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a high strength agro-allied wastewater containing both organic pollutants and heavy metals. The discharge of POME into the environment without adequate treatment contributes to diseases affecting humans and aquatic lives. However, there is the necessity to reduce the pollutants to a very low level of discharge to reduce the impact of the toxic effect of the pollutants on the environment and the aquatic population. The conventional approach for the treatment of POME is expensive compared to the method of adsorption. The method of adsorption has shown to be cost and time effective for research. Thus, the objective of this study was to prepare composite adsorbent from activated coconut shell carbon (ACSC), activated cow bone powder (ACBP) and zeolite for the treatment of POME using the optimum particle size obtained in a batch adsorption study. The characterization of the ACSC, ACBP and zeolite was obtained using pendant drop contact angle experiment. The result illustrated that the contact angles of the ACSC, ACBP and zeolite respectively were 105.20ᵒ, 95.70ᵒ and 25. 20ᵒ. The result of the contact angles showed that activated coconut shell carbon and activated cow bone powder were hydrophobic materials while the zeolite was hydrophilic. The investigation of the chemical composition of the materials using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) indicated that the major elements of both ACSC and ACBP were predominantly C, Ca2+ and O and Si for zeolite and C, Si, O, Na, Mg, Ca and P as the major elements on the surface of the composite while the XRF showed that the composite contained CaO and SiO2 as the major compounds. The point of zero charge (pHpzc ) of 5.28 achieved showed that the composite contained acidic surface which influenced cationic exchange in the supernatant and the surface of the composite. The CEC after adsorption was observed as 0.8918±0.0669 meq/g. The optimal batch adsorption of COD and NH3-N was obtained at under fixed condition of pH 7, 105 minutes contact time at 150 rpm shaking speed and 150 μm particle size for ACSC, ACBP and zeolite. The prepared composite adsorbent contained functional groups of CH, C=C, C-O-C, OH using the Fourier transform irradiation (FT-IR) analysis. The optimal operation parameters of the adsorption process for the reduction of COD and NH3-N using the central composite design (RSM) was recorded at pH 10, 50 rpm of shaking speed for 2 h and by using 3 mm of composite particle size and 125 gL-1 of the adsorbent at initial concentration of POME of 1 ml per 500 ml volumetric flask. The results revealed that the investigated factors evidently induced the reduction of the parameters. The experimental data of COD, NH3-N, Cd, Fe and Pb from the batch study were fitted to the isotherm and kinetic models. The result of the isotherm study fitted best to the Langmuir equation model for COD, NH3-N, Fe and Cd which indicated that the adsorption of the pollutants from the supernatant was favourable on a mono layer surface. The Frendlich isotherm fitted experimental data better than the Langmuir and the Temkin isotherm for Pb which showed that the adsorption process was effective on a heterogeneous surface. The investigation showed that the uptakes of COD, NH3-N, Cd, Fe and Pb from the experimental data were fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model which implied that the process of adsorption was by chemisorption. Furthermore, the fixed bed packed composite adsorption was conducted and the experimental data were fitted to Thomas and Adams-Bohart model. The model parameters were obtained from the breakthrough curves, the effective adsorption of COD was obtained at lower flow rate influent concentration. Desorption of the spent adsorbent was suitably conducted using 0.5M NaOH and breakthrough was obtained at longer retention time. It can be concluded that a mesoporous and granular composite adsorbent was effective for the treatment of both organic and heavy metal pollutants. It was observed that both batch isotherm and kinetic study can be effectively applied for the treatment of POME using the composite adsorbent, although the effectiveness of the batch adsorption study showed to be more suitable than the fixed bed continuous column for the removal of pollutants of POME. However, due to the potential of the composite adsorbent for the treatment of POME, the treatment efficiency of the adsorbent has shown that the composite have the potential to be used for the treatment of pollutants of high strength wastewater

Enzyme-assisted extraction of nanocellulose from textile waste:A review on production technique and applications

The production of nanocellulose from cellulose-based biomaterials has increased research in nanotechnology due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and low toxicity. The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose produced from waste biomass have broad environmental, geotechnical, food packaging, and biomedical engineering applications. There is growing attention to advance research in producing nanocellulose based on its unique properties. Textile waste is a good source of cellulose for the development of nanocellulose. A comprehensive study on the most recent developments in the extraction of nanocellulose from textile wastes using the enzymatic assisted technique as a green functional biomaterial has rarely been subjected to extensive review. Thus, against this limitation, an extensive study on nanocellulose derived from textile wastes focusing on the enzymatic hydrolysis process, properties, and recent wide-range applications are the focus of this work. The review is concluded with their potential as novel bionanomaterials

Adsorption of Heavy Metal from Palm Oil Mill Effluent on the Mixed Media Used For the Preparation of Composite Adsorbent

The adsorption of lead ion from palm oil mill effluent produced directly from the mill was investigated using mixed adsorbents that were used to prepare the composite. Experiments were carried out under predetermined conditions of pH, shaking speed, contact time and particle size. Equilibrium study was carried out to determine the adsorption capacity of the mixed media. The reduction of the lead ion was effective on the adsorbent materials. The Temkin and Freundlich models were applied to describe the adsorption pattern on the mixed media. The experimental data fitted well to the Temkin isotherm with a correlation coefficient of 1, this was used to indicate the level of interaction of the adsorbent-adsorbate and also the energy utilized in the adsorption process. The hydrophobic behaviour of the activated coconutshell and cow bone carbons was observed for average contact angle of 105° and 95° for the coconut shell and cow bone respectively. The influence of the hydrophobic materials in the mixed media and the zeolite assisted in the ion exchange and in the adsorption of the heavy metal

Adsorption of Heavy Metal from Palm Oil Mill Effluent on the Mixed Media Used For the Preparation of Composite Adsorbent

The adsorption of lead ion from palm oil mill effluent produced directly from the mill was investigated using mixed adsorbents that were used to prepare the composite. Experiments were carried out under predetermined conditions of pH, shaking speed, contact time and particle size. Equilibrium study was carried out to determine the adsorption capacity of the mixed media. The reduction of the lead ion was effective on the adsorbent materials. The Temkin and Freundlich models were applied to describe the adsorption pattern on the mixed media. The experimental data fitted well to the Temkin isotherm with a correlation coefficient of 1, this was used to indicate the level of interaction of the adsorbent-adsorbate and also the energy utilized in the adsorption process. The hydrophobic behaviour of the activated coconutshell and cow bone carbons was observed for average contact angle of 105° and 95° for the coconut shell and cow bone respectively. The influence of the hydrophobic materials in the mixed media and the zeolite assisted in the ion exchange and in the adsorption of the heavy metal

Enzyme-assisted extraction of nanocellulose from textile waste:A review on production technique and applications

The production of nanocellulose from cellulose-based biomaterials has increased research in nanotechnology due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and low toxicity. The physicochemical properties of nanocellulose produced from waste biomass have broad environmental, geotechnical, food packaging, and biomedical engineering applications. There is growing attention to advance research in producing nanocellulose based on its unique properties. Textile waste is a good source of cellulose for the development of nanocellulose. A comprehensive study on the most recent developments in the extraction of nanocellulose from textile wastes using the enzymatic assisted technique as a green functional biomaterial has rarely been subjected to extensive review. Thus, against this limitation, an extensive study on nanocellulose derived from textile wastes focusing on the enzymatic hydrolysis process, properties, and recent wide-range applications are the focus of this work. The review is concluded with their potential as novel bionanomaterials

A novel oyster shell biocomposite for the efficient adsorptive removal of cadmium and lead from aqueous solution: Synthesis, process optimization, modelling and mechanism studies.

This study highlights the effectiveness of oyster shell biocomposite for the biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution. The aim of this work was to modify a novel biocomposite derived from oyster shell for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The studied revealed the specific surface BET surface area was 9.1476 m2/g. The elemental dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) indicated that C, O, Ag, Ca were the predominant elements on the surface of the biocomposite after which metals ions of Cd and Pb were noticed after adsorption. The Fourier transform Irradiation (FT-IR) revealed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface. The effect of process variables on the adsorption capacity of the modified biocomposite was examined using the central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). The process variables which include pH, adsorbent dose, the initial concentration and temperature were the most effective parameters influencing the uptake capacity. The optimal process conditions of these parameters were found to be pH, 5.57, adsorbent dose, 2.53 g/L, initial concentration, 46.76 mg/L and temperature 28.48°C for the biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution at a desirability coefficient of 1. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.91) and low probability coefficients for the responses (P < 0.05) which indicated the validity and aptness of the model for the biosorption of the metal ions. Experimental isotherm data fitted better to the Langmuir model and the kinetic data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order model. Maximun Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption capacities of the oyster shell biocomposite were 97.54 and 78.99 mg/g respectively and was obtained at pH 5.56 and 28.48°C. This investigation has provided the possibility of the utilization of alternative biocomposite as a sustainable approach for the biosorption of heavy metal ions from the wastewater stream