Correlation of Total Cholesterol and Glucose in Serum of Iraqi Patients with Atherosclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Cholesterol is a fatty substance (lipid) classified as a waxy steroid of fat. It is absorbed by the intestine into blood stream and is packaged inside a protein coat a chylomicron. Blood glucose is a simple monosaccharide absorbed directly into the blood stream during digestion. The level of blood glucose normally represents a balance between the inflow of glucose into blood and it is uptake by the tissue. Atherosclerosis is a general term for a number of different medical conditions that affect the heart, this is occurs when the blood supply to a part of heart is interrupted, must commonly due to plaque, is build up in the coronary arteries consist of lipid cholesterol and calcium. It causes a damage of potential disease of heart muscle due to thickening and hardening of arteries. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the level of blood glucose is persistently elevated above the normal range due to decrease secretion of insulin. The main objective of this study is to determine the concentrations of total cholesterol and glucose into blood serum of Iraq patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2. This study included 60 specimens of patients with atherosclerosis and 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; their age range was 45-65 years. These patients were then matched by age and sex to 30 healthy individuals. Results revealed that there was highly significantly increased in the mean value of total cholesterol and glucose concentrations in patients of atherosclerosis (p<0.001) and diabetes mellitus (p<0.001) as compared with healthy individuals

PREVALENCE OF 25-HYDROXY VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN IRAQI PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate changes in 25(OH) Vitamin D levels and some biochemical parameters in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with healthy controls and assess the correlation of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and disease activity. Study the effects of anti-RA drugs on these biochemical parameters and also the role of supplements calcium and 25-OH Vitamin D in RA patients. Methods: This study conducted between 60 patients for RA and 20 healthy controls according to the American College of Rheumatology standards in 2010. In this study, 25-hydroxy Vitamin D was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and also some biochemical parameters were measured with a spectrophotometer (Humalyzer 2000). Results: Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and albumin levels were significantly lower in RA patients compared with healthy controls. Serum alanine aminotransferase aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly increased in RA patients compared with healthy controls. The correlation was non-significantly among 25-hydroxy Vitamin D and clinical disease activity index (CDAI), while the results showed significantly inverse correlation calcium and magnesium concentrations with CDAI. Conclusion: 25-OH Vitamin D, calcium, albumin, and magnesium deficiency appear to be widespread in patients with RA. Thus, biochemical changes in RA are reflected in the pathogenesis of RA. Furthermore, in these results, there is no relationship between Vitamin D and the disease activity, while there is a relationship between calcium and magnesium with disease activity

The Effect of Nutrients and Their Role in the Progression of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is a common disease and may affect 90% of people, and is classified into gingivitis and periodontitis. The objective of this study was if the deficiency of some vitamins and trace elements affects the increase in exposure to periodontal diseases or to find out whether the periodontal disease can cause changes in the blood level of some nutrients and their role in reducing periodontal diseases. For this purpose, samples were taken from the University of Baghdad, College of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, in the Periodontics clinic, including a group of 40 patients’ periodontitis, as well as another 40 patients’ gingivitis, and 40 healthy periodontium as control. There was no overall sickness in any of the groups. Periodontal clinical data were recorded, and serum parameter levels were assessed. The findings showed that plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were significantly greater (P< 0.01) in patients compared to the control. Levels of vitamin C and D were significantly decreased in patients compared with control (P<0.01), while levels of copper were high significant increase) in the patients compared to the control, and zinc show a highly significant increase in the periodontitis group. A negative correlation was found between vitamin D with BOP and PLI, in conclusion, low levels of C and D are associated with a risk factor for periodontal disease and contribute to the development of the disease, and high levels of copper and zinc play an important function as an indication of periodontal disease