The effectiveness of the UAE arbitration law no. 6-2018 in preserving the legal rights of the disputing parties: a legal analysis

Arbitration is one of the options for resolving conflicts amicably, and it is also a viable alternative to the courts. As a result, modern legal systems have sought to develop a legal framework for arbitration that deals with reaching an agreement on it, outlines the types of disputes that can be brought before it, and makes it easier to choose the procedural rules by which it operates. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), as sought to pass Federal Law No. 6 of 2018 on arbitration. However, it seems that the Federal Law No.6 of 2018 is not effective and adequate to preserve the rights of contracting parties. The objectives of this study are to (1) to study the legal framework for the arbitration framework in UAE, (2) to examine the efficacy and adequacy of Federal Law No.6 of 2018 for preserving the right of contracting parties in arbitration disputes (3) to make recommendations and suggestions to improve the efficacy of the law and arbitration framework in preserving the rights of contracting parties in UAE. This study engaged doctrinal legal research and library-based study. This study adopted contain analysis method. The data also be analyzed by using thematic and narrative methods. This research discovered that the Federal Law No 6 of 2018 is not effective and inadequate to protect the rights of contracting parties because that arbitration litigation because is subject to certain formal procedural limitations for judicial litigation and it is too rigid in UAE. The fundamental principles of litigation must be followed in arbitration cases. These fundamental concepts, which are an integral part of every litigation, must be observed by the arbitral tribunal in UAE. This research makes some suggestion and recommendation to improve the efficacy of the law and institutional framework of governmental functionaries in preserving the rights of contracting parties particularly UAE Arbitration framewor

Management of sickle cell disease patients presenting to the emergency department with vaso-occlusive crisis: a retrospective study

Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary disease of the hemoglobin, characterized by recurring vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) leading to severe pain. VOCs constitute the primary cause for emergency department (ED) visits among sicklers. Frequent VOC episodes are associated with greater mortality. This study aimed to evaluate pain treatment trends regarding admission, discharge, length of stay in the ED, and early ED revisits among SCA patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to January 2023 at the ED of King Abdulaziz medical city in Riyadh. SCA patients who presented with VOC episodes were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data of each patient were retrieved from the electronic medical file. Results: Total of 144 patients were included in the analysis. Out of the total population, 34% were admitted to hospital. Compared to those patients who were not admitted, the number of VOC was more among patients who had been admitted. Around 34% had ED revisit within 30 days and those patients had higher frequency of VOC attacks compared to those who did not revisit the ED. Only 45% of the population received appropriate dosing, 30% received an insufficient dose, and 25% received over the appropriate dose. Receiving the correct dose of morphine reduced the likelihood of ED revisits within 30 days. Conclusions: This study explores trends in VOC among sticklers, highlighting that adequate analgesia is associated with better outcomes. Addressing these variables may lead to improved care and better outcomes for SCA patients

Penggunaan jenis-jenis penilaian oleh pensyarah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran di Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Politeknik Ungku Omar

Penilaian ialah satu sistem atau proses yang meliputi aktiviti-aktiviti mengumpul maklumat tentang st'artegi dan aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran, untuk membuat analisis dan keputusan denagn tujuan mengambil tindakan yang sewajamya seperti merancang aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran selanjutnya dengan cara yang lebih berkesan. Penilaian terdiri daripada empat iaitu pra penempatan, formatif, diognastik dan sumatif. Keempat-empat jenis penilaian ini mempunyai kelebihan dan kelemahan yang tersendiri. Melalui dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pensyarah lelaki lebih banyak menggunakan jenis-jenis penilaian dalam bilik kuliah iaitu min 3.37 berbanding dengan pensyarah perempuan iaitu min 3.28. Selain daripada itu, dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan sebanyak 47 % responden mempunyai pengetahuan tentang penilaian pendidikan jenis objektif, 6 4 % responden mengaplikasikan jenis penilaian kaedah lisan dalam aktiviti pengajaran dan 84 % responden bersetuju bahawa penilaian pendidikan telah dapat meningkatkan mutu diri pensyarah dalam aktiviti pengajaran. Manakala 2.7 % responden tidak bersetuju bahawa pelajar diberi masa yang mencukupi sebelum sesuatu jenis penilaian dilakukan. Sehubungan dengan itu pengkaji mencadangkan supaya pensyarah-pensyarah didedahkan dengan penggunaan jenis-jenis penilaian untuk meningkatkan keupayaan dan kecekapan dalam usaha membina jenis-jenis ujian dengan lebih bermutu. Pensyarah juga digalakkan untuk melakukan jenis-jenis penilaian dalam bilik kuliah. Selain daripada itu, pensyarah juga perlu memastikan pelajar sentiasa bersedia untuk dibuat penilaian. Seterusnya pensyarah perlu mempelbagaikan jenis-jenis penilaian pendidikan dalam aktiviti pengajaran bagi mengesan peringkat penguasaan dan kemajuan pelajar dalam semua bidang yang berkaitan dengan pendidika

Iodine and fluorine concentrations in seaweeds of the Arabian Gulf identified by morphology and DNA barcodes

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) for PhD funding for Hanan Al-Adilah. We are thankful the sequencing facility in Kuwait University (Project # GS01/02) and Department of Marine Sciences for using their facilities and labs. We would equally like to thank the UK Natural Environment Research Council for their support to FCK (program Oceans 2025 – WP 4.5 and grants NE/D521522/1 and NE/J023094/1). This work also received support from the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland pooling initiative. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Trends in genitourinary cancer mortality in the United States: analysis of the CDC-WONDER database 1999–2020

IntroductionSociodemographic disparities in genitourinary cancer-related mortality have been insufficiently studied, particularly across multiple cancer types. This study aimed to investigate gender, racial, and geographic disparities in mortality rates for the most common genitourinary cancers in the United States.MethodsMortality data for prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER database between 1999 and 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were analyzed by year, gender, race, urban–rural status, and geographic region using a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsOverall, AAMRs for prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer declined significantly, while testicular cancer-related mortality remained stable. Bladder and kidney cancer AAMRs were 3–4 times higher in males than females. Prostate cancer mortality was highest in black individuals/African Americans and began increasing after 2015. Bladder cancer mortality decreased significantly in White individuals, Black individuals, African Americans, and Asians/Pacific Islanders but remained stable in American Indian/Alaska Natives. Kidney cancer-related mortality was highest in White individuals but declined significantly in other races. Testicular cancer mortality increased significantly in White individuals but remained stable in Black individuals and African Americans. Genitourinary cancer mortality decreased in metropolitan areas but either increased (bladder and testicular cancer) or remained stable (kidney cancer) in non-metropolitan areas. Prostate and kidney cancer mortality was highest in the Midwest, bladder cancer in the South, and testicular cancer in the West.DiscussionSignificant sociodemographic disparities exist in the mortality trends of genitourinary cancers in the United States. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and further research to address these disparities and improve outcomes for all populations affected by genitourinary cancers

In-hospital mortality rates in SARS-CoV-2 patients treated with enoxaparin and heparin

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate in-hospital mortality rates in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) according to enoxaparin and heparin use. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 962 patients admitted to two hospitals in Kuwait with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Cumulative all-cause mortality rate was the primary outcome. Results: A total of 302 patients (males, 196 [64.9%]; mean age, 57.2 ± 14.6 years; mean body mass index, 29.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2) received anticoagulation therapy. Patients receiving anticoagulation treatment tended to have pneumonia (n = 275 [91.1%]) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 106 [35.1%]), and high D-dimer levels (median [interquartile range]: 608 [523;707] ng/mL). The mortality rate in this group was high (n = 63 [20.9%]). Multivariable logistic regression, the Cox proportional hazards, and Kaplan-Meier models revealed that the use of therapeutic anticoagulation agents affected the risk of all-cause cumulative mortality. Conclusion: Age, hypertension, pneumonia, therapeutic anticoagulation, and methylprednisolone use were found to be strong predictors of in-hospital mortality. In elderly hypertensive COVID-19 patients on therapeutic anticoagulation were found to have 2.3 times higher risk of in-hospital mortality. All cause in-hospital mortality rate in the therapeutic anticoagulation group was up to 21%

In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by gamma-glutamyl transferase levels

Background: This study investigates in-hospital mortality amongst patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its relation to serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Methods: Patients were stratified according to serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (GGT<50 IU/L or GGT≥50 IU/L). Results: A total of 802 participants were considered, amongst whom 486 had GGT<50 IU/L and a mean age of 48.1 (16.5) years, whilst 316 had GGT≥50 IU/L and a mean age of 53.8 (14.7) years. The chief sources of SARS-CoV-2 transmission were contact (366, 45.7%) and community (320, 40%). Most patients with GGT≥50 IU/L had either pneumonia (247, 78.2%) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (85, 26.9%), whilst those with GGT<50 IU/L had hypertension (141, 29%) or diabetes mellitus (DM) (147, 30.2%). Mortality was higher amongst patients with GGT≥50 IU/L (54, 17.1%) than amongst those with GGT<50 IU/L (29, 5.9%). More patients with GGT≥50 required high (83, 27.6%) or low (104, 34.6%) levels of oxygen, whereas most of those with GGT<50 had no requirement of oxygen (306, 71.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that GGT≥50 IU/L (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.45, p=0.009), age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.07, p<0.001), hypertension (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.19–3.63, p=0.011), methylprednisolone (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.74–5.01, p<0.001) and fever (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.15–3.68, p=0.016) were significant predictors of all-cause cumulative mortality. A Cox proportional hazards regression model (B = −0.68, SE =0.24, HR =0.51, p = 0.004) showed that patients with GGT<50 IU/L had a 0.51-times lower risk of all-cause cumulative mortality than patients with GGT≥50 IU/L. Conclusion: Higher levels of serum GGT were found to be an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality

In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by hemoglobin levels : a retrospective study

This study is to estimate in-hospital mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients stratified by hemoglobin (Hb) level. Patients were stratified according to hemoglobin level into two groups, that is, Hb 100 g/L. A total of 6931 patients were included. Of these, 6377 (92%) patients had hemoglobin levels >100 g/L. The mean age was 44 ± 17 years, and 66% of the patients were males. The median length of overall hospital stay was 13 days [2; 31]. The remaining 554 (8%) patients had a hemoglobin level 100 g/L (52, 0.82%). Risk factors associated with increased mortality were determined by multi- variate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed hemoglobin as a predictor of mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression coefficients for hemoglobin for the HB ≤ 100 category of hemoglobin were significant, B = 2.79, SE = 0.17, and HR = 16.34, p < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression showed Hb < 100 g/L had a higher cumu- lative all-cause in-hospital mortality (22.4% vs. 0.8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.33; 95% [CI]: [0.20–0.55]; p < 0.001). In this study, hemoglobin levels <100 g/L were found to be an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality

Ferritin level : a predictor of severity and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Introduction: This study aims to investigate in-hоsрitаl mоrtаlity in severe асute resрirаtоry syndrоme соrоnаvirus 2 раtients strаtified by serum ferritin levels. Methods: Patients were stratified based on ferritin levels (ferritin levels ≤ 1000 or >1000). Results: Approximately 89% (118) of the patients with ferritin levels > 1000 had pneumonia, and 51% (67) had hypertension. Fever (97, 73.5%) and shortness of breath (80, 61%) were two major symptoms among the patients in this group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ferritin level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21–0.62; p 1000. Conclusion: In this study, higher levels of serum ferritin were found to be an independent predictor of in-hоsрitаl mоrtаlity

Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND World Health Organization expert groups recommended mortality trials of four repurposed antiviral drugs - remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon beta-1a - in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). METHODS We randomly assigned inpatients with Covid-19 equally between one of the trial drug regimens that was locally available and open control (up to five options, four active and the local standard of care). The intention-to-treat primary analyses examined in-hospital mortality in the four pairwise comparisons of each trial drug and its control (drug available but patient assigned to the same care without that drug). Rate ratios for death were calculated with stratification according to age and status regarding mechanical ventilation at trial entry. RESULTS At 405 hospitals in 30 countries, 11,330 adults underwent randomization; 2750 were assigned to receive remdesivir, 954 to hydroxychloroquine, 1411 to lopinavir (without interferon), 2063 to interferon (including 651 to interferon plus lopinavir), and 4088 to no trial drug. Adherence was 94 to 96% midway through treatment, with 2 to 6% crossover. In total, 1253 deaths were reported (median day of death, day 8; interquartile range, 4 to 14). The Kaplan-Meier 28-day mortality was 11.8% (39.0% if the patient was already receiving ventilation at randomization and 9.5% otherwise). Death occurred in 301 of 2743 patients receiving remdesivir and in 303 of 2708 receiving its control (rate ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.11; P = 0.50), in 104 of 947 patients receiving hydroxychloroquine and in 84 of 906 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.59; P = 0.23), in 148 of 1399 patients receiving lopinavir and in 146 of 1372 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.25; P = 0.97), and in 243 of 2050 patients receiving interferon and in 216 of 2050 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.39; P = 0.11). No drug definitely reduced mortality, overall or in any subgroup, or reduced initiation of ventilation or hospitalization duration. CONCLUSIONS These remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon regimens had little or no effect on hospitalized patients with Covid-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay. (Funded by the World Health Organization; ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN83971151; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04315948.)