Wavelets operational methods for fractional differential equations and systems of fractional differential equations

In this thesis, new and effective operational methods based on polynomials and wavelets for the solutions of FDEs and systems of FDEs are developed. In particular we study one of the important polynomial that belongs to the Appell family of polynomials, namely, Genocchi polynomial. This polynomial has certain great advantages based on which an effective and simple operational matrix of derivative was first derived and applied together with collocation method to solve some singular second order differential equations of Emden-Fowler type, a class of generalized Pantograph equations and Delay differential systems. A new operational matrix of fractional order derivative and integration based on this polynomial was also developed and used together with collocation method to solve FDEs, systems of FDEs and fractional order delay differential equations. Error bound for some of the considered problems is also shown and proved. Further, a wavelet bases based on Genocchi polynomials is also constructed, its operational matrix of fractional order derivative is derived and used for the solutions of FDEs and systems of FDEs. A novel approach for obtaining operational matrices of fractional derivative based on Legendre and Chebyshev wavelets is developed, where, the wavelets are first transformed into corresponding shifted polynomials and the transformation matrices are formed and used together with the polynomials operational matrices of fractional derivatives to obtain the wavelets operational matrix. These new operational matrices are used together with spectral Tau and collocation methods to solve FDEs and systems of FDEs

Acute effects of cigarette smoking on the cardiac diastolic functions

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is an independent risk factor for coronary heart diseases and it increases all causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Aim of the workTo assess the acute effect of cigarette smoking on ventricular diastolic functions (LV and RV) in healthy, young, and slim smokers.MethodsThirty volunteers who had recently commenced smoking (less than one year) and who smoked 1–2 cigarettes per day, underwent ECG, 2D and M-mode echocardiography, standard Doppler echocardiography, pulsed TDI (tissue Doppler imaging) on septal and lateral side of mitral annulus and lateral tricuspid annulus. Vp values were measured. The investigator asked them to hold smoking for at least two days after which echocardiographic examination was conducted before smoking one cigarette and the second examination conducted immediately after smoking one cigarette containing at least 0.4mg of nicotine.ResultsDoppler findings over the mitral valve showed the E wave was significantly reduced from 82.7±10.4 to 74.6±10.4 after smoking; the A wave increased; the E/A ratio was reduced from 1.5±0.3 to 1.2±0.2; the E′ septal significantly decreased (15.3±2.4 vs. 11.2±1.1) after smoking, and the E/E′ ratio increased from 5.5±1.1 to 6.7±1.1. Doppler findings over the tricuspid valve showed the E wave was reduced from 60.6±9.7 to 52.7±9.6; the A wave increased from 42.2±6.5 to 50.1±6.6; and the E/A ratio decreased (1.45±0.25 vs. 1.06±0.19). The E′ significantly decreased from 14.1±1.8 to 10.9±2.4, while the A′ increased (10.2±2.4 vs. 12.7±3.6) after smoking; and the IVRT of the RV was significantly prolonged from 62.9±7.5 to 68.7±7.9 after smoking. The Vp was markedly reduced from 67.8±8 to 55.2±3.5 after smoking. These findings reflected on the LV filling pressure (LVFvp) which increased from 9.8±1.4 to 10.5±1.3 after smoking. All changes were statistically significant at P<0.001.ConclusionsOur study reveals that cigarette smoking can result in significant acute alteration in the diastolic functions of both ventricles

The prognostic role of p-53 protein Immunohistochemical expression in multiple myeloma

Background: Several factors render multiple myeloma (MM) an interesting subject for study by researchers. These include marked progress in understanding the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic plasma cells and recent advances in molecular genetics techniques. Among molecular markers, p-53 cancer suppressor gene have been widely studied. Aim: is to correlate p-53 protein expression in multiple myeloma, as examined by immunohistochemical method, with some pathological and clinical parameters (Clinical stage and cytological grade). Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study; whereby archival paraffin-embedded BM tissue blocks along with the clinical and hematological records of fifty patients (29 males and 21 females), with multiple myeloma and twenty controls were obtained from the Department of Hematology of the Medical City Teaching Laboratories in the period from April 2012 to April 2014. P-53 was studied by immunohistochemical staining. Results: There was a significant positive linear correlation between increasing scores of p-53 and advancing clinical stages of disease. There was a significant positive linear correlation between increasing scores of p-53 and decreasing maturity of plasma cells. Conclusions: Multiple myeloma patients with advanced clinical stages and immature plasma cell morphology had high p-53 scores. Since the above-mentioned factors are known independent prognostic factors, p-53 expression can readily be adopted to identify myeloma patients with an adverse prognosis

Assessment of Water Quality of East Hammar Marsh Using Water Quality Index (WQI) Following the Cessation of Saline Tide in 2018

The water quality index (WQI) was studied monthly, from November 2018 to October 2019, at three stations (Al-Saddah, Al-Burgah, & Al-Marsa) in the Basrah Governorate's East Hammar Marsh. This study measured various environmental factors, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, light penetration, salinity, total dissolved salts, total hardness, nitrates, nitrites, phosphate, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium. After the end of the salty tide in 2018, the first station showed poor seasonal evidence 43.7 (low WQI score) in the winter, fair 67.6 and 64.9 (third category) in the spring and summer respectively, and marginal 55.9 (fourth category) in the summer and fall. The second and third stations had poor WQI score in the Winter and marginal in the rest of the seasons. The results indicate that the water quality is polluted and deviates from its optimal state. The WQI values varied significantly across all sites. The lack of freshwater drainage and ongoing marine water impacts are the reasons for the deterioration of water quality. Treatment is recommended to address this issue

Awareness and Regulatory Measures in Caffeine Addiction: Medical Statistical Review

This study aimed at analyzing the degree of awareness and regulatory measures in the caffeine addiction within a medical statistical survey in Jordan, by attempting to answer the study two questions: What are the level of awareness and regulatory measures in caffeine addiction for positive psychological effects (alertness, attention and concentration)?, and: What are the level of awareness and regulatory measures in caffeine addiction for negative psychological effects (anxiety, depression and irritable)? The results of the study showed that there will be a statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α=0.05) of the awareness of caffeine addiction for both positive psychological effects (alertness, attention and concentration) and negative psychological effects (anxiety, depression and irritable) in Jordan. The researchers recommended to educate university students about the importance of controlling their caffeine intakes, and encourage university students to exploit the medical information provided by the medical studies about the risks of high doses of caffeine intakes

Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Therapy in the Arab World: A New Model of Advanced Practice

This study aimed at suggesting a new model for advanced practice in the diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy in the Arab World by presenting a comparative study between the different medical imaging techniques, the concepts, benefits, risks and medical applications of these techniques has been presented with details. Attempting For building a new model of advanced practice for the diagnostic role of  imaging and radiation therapy in the Arab World; by analyzing the current status of the imaging and radiation therapy in the Arab World, and then surveying the different medical imaging techniques. Then  to suggest a model of best practices upon the outcomes of the study

Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes among Youths in Jordan: Incidence and Trends for the period (2011-2016)

This study aimed at analyzing the incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes among youths in Jordan for the period (2011-2016), the researchers adopted the survey methodology for the period of five years from the records of the medical centers (public and private) in Jordan. Also investigated the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in diagnosis and treatments. Results showed significant upward trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes was observed overall with considerable variation across demographic subgroups of age, sex. And also showed among youths who were 10 to 19 years of age, unadjusted models revealed significant increases in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with increases observed across all age and sex

Dermatological Emergencies in Family Medicine: Recognition, Management, and Referral Considerations

Numerous people with skin disorders who have real dermatologic crises show up at the emergency room. Family doctors need to be able to identify potentially fatal dermatological disorders quickly since they could be the first to encounter patients with these illnesses. The purpose of this review is to provide guidance for early recognition, help identify distinct symptoms, and enable early diagnosis of emerging dermatological conditions. Necrotizing fasciitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and other possible emergencies that might manifest as dermatological symptoms are examples of these conditions. In this article we will be discussing the dermatological emergencies present at primary care settings and encountered by family physician, recognition and management of those emergencies, referral considerations, role of family medicine in dermatological emergencies and other topics

Prevalence Refractive Errors among Medical Students of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of various errors of refraction among the medical students studying at the college of medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Qassim University clinics over a period of two months. The study population comprised 162 male and female students from different academic years. The students were selected randomly so that around 35-40 students were taken from each academic class. The selected study population was explained the objectives of the study and a written consent form that stated the purpose, methods, risks, benefits, and the assurance of the confidentiality of the data was obtained from each student. After giving the consent, each subject was examined by auto refractometer. The examination was carried out by an optometrist without using cycloplegia. Both right and left eyes were thoroughly examined by auto refractometer and on the average three readings of the refraction measurements were taken. The readings were recorded on a data sheet of every individual, and the Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-two (162) students with a mean age of 22.44 years, Std 1.661 and a range of 8 (19-27) were included in the study. Of the total number, 111 (68.51%) were males and remaining 51 (31.48%) were females. Of the total sample, only 1 (0.617%) student had diabetes mellitus, and 6 (3.70%) students gave a history of previous ocular surgery. Myopia was found to be the commonest error of refraction 53.7% with hyperopia next to it.CONCLUSION: Myopia is found to be a common error of refraction in young adults. A regular checkup is essential to timely correct the error and to prevent deterioration of the vision