A study of energy scavenging strategy in a tapping tree power

Energy harvesting has become one of the newest research attraction for both academic and industry fields. The energy is captured from external sources (thermal, wind, solar, vibration and hydrodynamic) and the energy source for energy harvesters is present as ambient background and it is free. The energy can be harvested in term of sensors or direct applying which depends on the source applied to. One of the energy harvesting topologies is from tapping tree which is new topology that can be applied direct to the tree by inserting electrode into the tree while the other is into the surrounding soil. This project introduces a method for the energy to be harvested from a tree, where the voltage obtained is conducted to three types of trees (Palm, Agrawood, and Palm Oil). Both type of electrodes and pH value of the surrounding soil are considered in order to get maximum voltage. Furthermore, the depth of the electrode inserted and the height from the surrounding soil play a role for voltage variation. The maximum voltage can be obtained is from (Al Alloy with Al) electrodes, at neutral pH, dry mositure and in Palm Oil Tree which is almost 0.8V - 1.2V. However, at such small energy from tree source, converter is required to increase the power. Boost converter contains of BQ25504 IC is applied to increase the voltage from small input to 3V - 4V. As well as, buck converter with TPS62231 IC is introduced for the output voltage of the boost converter and can be applied for small voltage as 1.8V. Simulation using Tina software simulate the converters mentioned and get better results for the energy harvested with battery charging system and energy storage. Field test is conducted with the selected converter to insure the power observed from the plant. In addition, this work has been taken to enhance the growth of energy harvesting from small sources and to go further for nature sources that has a high impact for low applications in the future

Optimization of received power and SNR for an indoor attocells network in visible light communication

White LEDs Visible Light Communication (VLC) is applied in communication and illumination simultaneously. It provides unrestrained frequency spectrum and a large bandwidth that produces a higher transmission rate and speed in short-range communication. Also, VLC was considered as a promising alternative technology to the radio frequency in the next generation of communication systems. In this paper, the optical attocells configuration and LEDs distribution are proposed for optimizing the received power and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in the Line of Sight (LOS) propagation link. Besides that, the trade-off between minimum SNR and received power are investigated. The simulation results showed that the proposed model can save 6.25% of the total transmitted power, and the optical received power versus semi-angle and field of view have with about increased 16.5% and 27.54% respectively. Moreover, the SNR also has 7.4% improvement. Hence, the proposed configuration model has improved the performance of VLC systems and has widen the window for future improvement

Consolidation of water management and efficiency parameters for development of green building rating system

Water generation and distribution involve activities that leads to energy consumptions in various ways. This leads to GHG emission which make it important for various sustainable development assessment. Hence it is important to develop some consolidated parameters to cover water in building life cycle assessment (LCA). Development of rating system involves the utilisation of some parameters and points allocation. These parameters and points allocation varies between countries and their rating systems. This study aim at reviewing water management and efficiency category and the extent of parameters and points allocation across some rating systems. The purpose of the review is to develop a consolidated parameters that will universally cover building life cycle assessment. Eleven rating scheme’s categories, parameters and points allocation were reviewed. Specifically, water generation, distribution and usage was further elaborated for this study. The parameters were reviewed from the context of their, adaptability, preference, prevalence, relevance and measurability of parameter to suit the universal concept of sustainable building assessment. The review shows that the variations of the parameters and points distribution are based on social, economic and environmental need of the country. The highest parameters and points allocation signifies the need of efficient water generation, distribution and usage and lack of enough fresh water for daily activities. The lowest consideration is due to advancement in sustainable water generation, distribution and usage. The study consolidated the parameters in to nine parameters covering the strategies for reducing unnecessary water usage and other sourcing consequences. They also cover the approximate accounting of GHG emission from water consumption and its reduction. The study can be used by researcher, organisations and countries developing rating schemes. As the study harmonised parameters covered the entire sustainable building and greenhouse gas assessment in term of water generation, distribution and usage

Bodies tell stories: Freudian hysteria in Fay Weldon's The Life and Loves of a She-Devil

Fay Weldon's The Life and Loves of a She-Devil deals with the nature of the hysteric psychological state women in abusive relationships or situations may suffer from and how they may react in either passively relenting to these conditions or taking control of their lives to achieve change. Thus, the question is raised as to whether the hysteric condition may be used as a means to an end. Women's Freudian hysterical symptoms are often physically manifested by anorexia nervosa, loss of speech (muteness), disturbed sleep, and alienation, among other maladies which may be subsumed under the category of symptoms of Freudian hysteria. Such symptoms, according to Freud, appear as the consequences of sexual violations a subject may have encountered, resulting in the manifestation of psychological disturbances characteristic of hysteria. This paper aims to investigate Fay Weldon's The Life and Loves of a She-Devil from Freud's theoretical perspectives on hysteria in order to indicate the influences of hysteria and its symptoms and reactions, focusing on the actions taken by the heroine of the novel under discussion to actualise herself

Viral processes by random walks on random regular graphs

We study the SIR epidemic model with infections carried by $k$ particles making independent random walks on a random regular graph. Here we assume $k\leq n^{\epsilon}$, where $n$ is the number of vertices in the random graph, and $\epsilon$ is some sufficiently small constant. We give an edge-weighted graph reduction of the dynamics of the process that allows us to apply standard results of Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi random graphs on the particle set. In particular, we show how the parameters of the model give two thresholds: In the subcritical regime, $O(\ln k)$ particles are infected. In the supercritical regime, for a constant $\beta\in(0,1)$ determined by the parameters of the model, $\beta k$ get infected with probability $\beta$, and $O(\ln k)$ get infected with probability $(1-\beta)$. Finally, there is a regime in which all $k$ particles are infected. Furthermore, the edge weights give information about when a particle becomes infected. We exploit this to give a completion time of the process for the SI case.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AAP1000 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Statistical model of forecasting indicators in one area of sustainable development

This study is based on the seventh goal of sustainable goals development and under the title of "clean and affordable energy". As a result of the continuing increase in the number of the world's population, the dramatic rise in energy demand, especially in the production of the renewable energy worldwide, was observed . The Arab region has the highest levels of solar radiation. Many Arab countries are still taking slow steps to develop their renewable energy capacity, which has led many Arab countries today to seek to meet this demand through renewable energy solutions and improved energy efficiency. The field of study presented in this research includes a proposal for the statistical model to analyze the prediction in the field of solar energy, which is one of the most important areas of renewable energy, by providing a comparison between the time series model and the simple regression model to predict data which has been obtained in the field of solar energy

Quality Management System In Construction

This paper describes the Quality Management System (QMS) concept and its application in the construction industry. A misunderstanding among the construction players on the QMS concept has become the stumbling block for its successful implementation