Application of Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients on Etanercept: A Case–Control Study

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by its chronicity and symmetrical pattern of involvement. The purpose of the present study was to assess the genotoxic effect of the antitumor necrosis factor-ɑ agent (Etanercept) in the adult rheumatoid arthritis patients by the mean of a buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Buccal smears from a normal mucosa of 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients on Etanercept and 30 healthy subjects were taken to apply the buccal micronucleus cytome assay on them. Significantly higher frequencies of micronuclei, pyknotic cells and nuclear buds were seen in those patients when compared to controls. In respect to these findings, the rheumatoid arthritis patients on Etanercept were showing a higher frequency of the genomic damage and cell death biomarkers than the healthy controls which indicates a higher risk of developing pathosis. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, genotoxic effect, buccal micronucleus cytome assay

Expression of MMP-2 as Biological Markers of Invasion Potential in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region (Immunohistochemical Study )

Background: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of epidermis, mucous, and intermediate cells in various proportions, it represents up to 10% of all major salivary glands tumors and 15% to 23% of minor glands. It exhibits varying degrees of differentiation and histologic grade as well as widely diverse biologic behavior. Its grading system is based on different histological components seen on hematoxylin and eosin slide which is still a controversial issue.  This study evaluates the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 antibodies as markers of local invasion of MEC to be correlated with the tumor grade and stage. Aim of the study: Immunohistochemical evaluation MMP-2 as a biological markers  of  local invasion in oral and maxillofacial salivary MEC in relation to grading and staging of MEC. Materials and Methods: The study involved 22 salivary gland MEC tissue samples for the period from 1972 to 2010. Age, sex, site, stage and histologic grades were recognized. The samples were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies to matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Results: The sample comprised 14 males and 8 females in (1.75:1) ratio. The age range of the patients was between 19 and 65 years with a mean of (45.9±10.53). The stage of MEC had a significant relationship with Brandwein grading system (P=0.039). Concerning the site and sex distribution, neither site nor sex had a significant statistical relationship with Brandwein grading system (p> 0.05). The mean of  matrixmetaloprotenase-2 expressed by MMP-2 immunomarker was (41.7±23.13) with no significant relation to tumor grade and stage . Regarding the predominant cells, no significant relations were found neither with the grade nor the stage of study samples. Conclusions: In all samples, matrixmetalloproteinase-2 had a non significant relationship with tumor grade and stage. No correlation was found between the histological grading of MEC and its biological behavior concerning  invasion potential

Angiogenesis and MMP-2expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma&Verrucous Carcinoma and its Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters

Background: An important step of tumor progression in which Matrix metalloproteinase have been implicated is angiogenesis, because these enzymes degrade the extracellular matrix and provide a permissive microenvironment for the growth of new blood vessels. The present study conducted to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression ofMatrixmetalloproteinase -2(MMP-2) andangiogenic marker (CD34) in Oralsquamous cell carcinoma(SCC)versus verrucous carcinoma(VC) and to correlate their expressions with the clinicopathological parameters. Material & Methods: MMP-2 and CD34 expression was examined immunohistochemically in twenty four paraffin tissue blocks of squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma (twelve cases of each).  Results: All cases of Oral SCC exhibited positive   immunostaining for MMP-2, while only one case of VC showed –ve expression. Interestingly all cases of VC showed –ve MMP-2 immunostaining of the basal cell layer. Generally lymphatic vessels were more than blood vessels in both VC&SCC cases. The mean MMP-2 immunoexpression was (59.00%) for both stage I &stage II, while the higher CD34 immuno expression was in stage I. The mean expression of MMP-2 was higher in well differentiated OSCCs, while for CD34 it was higher in poorly differentiated OSCCs followed by moderately differentiated, then well differentiated, however no statistically significant difference was found. Non- significant correlation was found concerning the expression of both markers for both lesions. Conclusion: No statistical correlation was found between MMP-2 expression and angiogenesis in OSCC and OVC

Hydrolysis optimization and characterization study of preparing fatty acids from Jatropha curcas seed oil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fatty acids (FAs) are important as raw materials for the biotechnology industry. Existing methods of FAs production are based on chemical methods. In this study potassium hydroxide (KOH)-catalyzed reactions were utilized to hydrolysis <it>Jatropha curcas </it>seed oil.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The parameters effect of ethanolic KOH concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time to free fatty acid (FFA%) were investigated using D-Optimal Design. Characterization of the product has been studied using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimum conditions for maximum FFA% were achieved at 1.75M of ethanolic KOH concentration, 65°C of reaction temperature and 2.0 h of reaction time.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study showed that ethanolic KOH concentration was significant variable for <it>J. curcas </it>seed oil hydrolysis. In a 18-point experimental design, FFA% of hydrolyzed <it>J. curcas </it>seed oil can be raised from 1.89% to 102.2%, which proved by FTIR and HPLC.</p

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Correlation of amyloid and ameloblast‐associated proteins to odontogenic cysts and tumors: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract Background and Aims Odontogenic cysts and tumors often form hard and soft structures that resemble odontogenesis. It is well known that amyloid is produced in Pindborg tumors; however, it is still debatable whether it is also formed in other odontogenic tumors and cysts. This study aimed to detect the presence of amyloid in different odontogenic cysts and tumors in correlation to matrix proteins secreted during enamel formation; namely amelogenin and odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein. Methods This study included formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 106 different types of odontogenic cysts and tumors. Congo red and thioflavin T were performed to confirm the presence of amyloid; immunohistochemistry was used to detect amelogenin and odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein. Results Amyloid was detected in pindborg tumors (conventional), adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, odontogenic fibroma (Amyloid variant), follicular solid and unicystic ameloblastomas, radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, dentinogenic ghost cell odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibroma, calcifying odontogenic cyst, and primordial Odontogenic tumor. Amelogenin was detected in 95.3% of the cases, while odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein was detected in 93.4% of the cases. The association between odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein and amyloid was highly significant at p  0.05. Conclusion Although pindborg tumor is the bonafide example of amyloid deposition in odontogenic tumors, this study concluded that amyloid may be deposited in traces to massive amounts in various odontogenic cysts and tumors, and it is significantly linked to odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein but not amelogenin matrix protein, since all amyloid cases were odontogenic ameloblast associated protein positive

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN SERUM AND SALIVA OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA PATIENTS ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻜﺘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﺯﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴﻔ

Abstract Biochemical changes have been occurring in biological fluids and tissues of different types of malignancies. Most molecules found in blood and urine are found in saliva, but their concentrations were estimated to be one tenth to one thousandth of that in the blood. The present study aims to measure the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase &amp; Alkaline phpsphatase enzymes and Immunoglobulins in serum and saliva of Acute Leukemia (AL) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and apparantly healthy individuals as control group. Unstimulated (resting) saliva and serum were collected from 70 newly diagnosed, untreated AL patients and 20 OSCC patients, in addition to 20 healthy individuals and 12 adults with periodontitis. According to the results of this study, serum and saliva enzymes showed a significant increase in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels of AL and OSCC in comparison to control group. Serum and saliva IgG showed non significant increase, whereas IgA level was reduced and IgM showed significant increase in AL patients in comparison to the control group. Results on OSCC patients showed a significantly increase in serum and saliva immunoglobulins but saliva IgA was reduced in comparison to control group. The levels of serum LDH and ALP in AL patients were higher than that in OSCC patients, whereas the levels of saliva LDH and ALP in AL were lower than that of OSCC patients. The serum IgG and IgM levels were higher in AL patients than that of OSCC patients, whereas serum IgA was lower in AL patients. Saliva immunoglobulins were higher in OSCC patients than that of AL patients. In conclusion, a disseminates malignancy, like AL, causes changes in the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase and Alkaline phosphatase in blood as well as in saliva. However, the changes in blood are more striking than that is saliva while in a local malignancy like OSCC, the changes are more prominent in saliva than that in blood. Merza, et. al. Iraqi Journal of Science, Vol.51, No.2, 2010, PP.262-27