The Effect of propolis to blood glucose and total cholesterol of prediabetes patients

Prediabetes is considered as the initial phase of macrovaskular disease associated with increase of blood glucose and cholesterol level. The effect of propolis to treat fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, total cholesterol was examined. Experimental Research with Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) design was utilized in the study. Intervention given was propolis at dose 50 mg/kg bwt and health education administered for 20 days. The quality of propolis was 20%extract and quercetin content 25.29 mg/L tested by Biofarmaka Laboratory Test of Hasanuddin University, health education used counseling strategy. Thesamples were 64 prediabetic patients consist of 32 patients treated with propolis and 32 treated with health education. The result of Wilcoxon with significant level of 0.05 has proved significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance and total cholesterol respectively 14.28 (p=0.000), 23.16 (p=0.000) and 16.3 (p=0.000) The result of group given propolis as significant as health education group respectively fasting blood glucose 14.9 (p=0.001), glucose tolerance 13.98 (p=0.000) and total cholesterol 9.76 (p=0.021). Giving propolis and health education are effective for the change of fasting blood glucose,glucose tolerance and total cholesterol. Propolis is potential to use as a pharmacology therapy for prediabetes

Faktor Risiko Kematian Neonatal Dini di Rumah Sakit Bersalin

Infant mortality rate in Indonesia is still high. Fifty percent of the neonatal mortality occurred among low birth weight infants (LBWI) and neonatal mortality within 7 days of life accounted for 50% of total infant mortalities. This study was aimed to examine the extent of early neonatal mortality risk by antenatal care (ANC), Tetanus Toxoid (TT) immunization status of pregnant women, anemia during pregnancy, birth weight of neonatal, parity status, and hypothermia status.This study was a case control study with direct interview to respondents, conducted in the Maternity Hospital of Makassar with 40 cases and 120 controls. Samples were selected by purposive sam- pling. Study results indicated that risk factor of early neonatal mortality were ANC (p value = 0,000; odds ratio, OR = 7,33; CI 95% = 2,966 - 18,129), TT immunization status (p value = 0,000; OR = 19,205; CI 95% = 7,902 - 46,678), pregnancy anemia (p value = 0,000; OR = 32,818; CI 95% = 7,549 - 142,674), birth weight (p value = 0,000; OR = 122,212; CI 95% = 32,324 - 462,068), parity status (p value = 0,000; OR = 5,537; CI 95% = 2,029 - 15,111), asphyxia status (p value = 0,000; OR = 8,197; CI 95% = 0,452 - 2,745), whereas hypothermia status (p value = 0,815; OR = 1,114; 0,452 - 2,745) was not a risk factor. Results of logistic regression multivariate analysis indicated that infant\u27s birth weight was the most risk factor of early neonatal mortality (p value = 0,000). Specific surveillance program for high risk neonatal needed to be arranged in all health centers