Orlicz Spaces associated with a Semi-Finite Von Neumann Algebra

In the present paper we introduce a certain class of non commutative Orlicz spaces, associated with arbitrary faithful normal locally-finite weights on a semi-finite von Neumann algebra $M.$ We describe the dual spaces for such Orlicz spaces and, in the case of regular weights, we show that they can be realized as linear subspaces of the algebra of $LS(M)$ of locally measurable operators affiliated with $M.$Comment: 12 page

Clinical Signs and Medical History as Predictors of Enalapril-Associated Dry Cough in Cardiovascular Patients

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are among the most prescribed and effective medicinal products for the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases. According to a number of studies, 30% of patients taking ACEIs develop adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and treatment discontinuation is often required as a result. The most common ADR associated with ACEIs is a dry (non-productive) cough. Nevertheless, the clinical signs and medical history predictive of this ADR in cardiovascular patients are still understudied.The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical signs and medical history predictive of cough in patients with cardiovascular conditions treated with enalapril.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 2019–2022 and enrolled 224 patients with essential hypertension (grades 2 and 3) treated with enalapril at a dose of 10–20 mg/day. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: Group 1 included 113 patients with enalapril-associated cough, while Group 2 (control group) comprised 104 patients without this ADR. At screening, all the patients underwent a general examination and a check of their allergy and medication history. Using the data obtained, the authors analysed the association of the clinical signs and medical history with the ADR of interest (dry cough).Results. In contrast to the control group, the group with ACEI-associated dry cough included more patients with a history of drug-induced toxicoderma (OR=5.639, CI 2.234–14.236, χ2=15.845, and p<0.001) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=3.409, CI 1.461–7.953, χ2=8.7472, and p<0.01), a family history of bronchial asthma (OR=4.141, CI 2.066–8.299, χ2=17.417, and p<0.001), and a close family history of severe allergic reactions (OR=3.714, CI 1.720– 8.018, χ2=12.137, and p<0.001).Conclusions. A family history of allergy increases the probability of dry cough in patients taking ACEIs. In order to improve the safety of ACEI therapy, patients with cardiovascular conditions should be asked more detailed questions about their personal or first-degree family history of allergy

Controlling a magnetic Feshbach resonance with laser light

The capability to tune the strength of the elastic interparticle interaction is crucial for many experiments with ultracold gases. Magnetic Feshbach resonances are a tool widely used for this purpose, but future experiments would benefit from additional flexibility such as spatial modulation of the interaction strength on short length scales. Optical Feshbach resonances offer this possibility in principle, but suffer from fast particle loss due to light-induced inelastic collisions. Here we show that light near-resonant with a molecular bound-to-bound transition can be used to shift the magnetic field at which a magnetic Feshbach resonance occurs. This makes it possible to tune the interaction strength with laser light and at the same time induce considerably less loss than an optical Feshbach resonance would do

Features of drug-drug interactions rivaroxaban and calcium channel blockers depending on the ABCB1 genotype (rs1045642 and rs4148738) in patients 80 years of age and older with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Background. The use of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors and carriage of certain ABCB1 polymorphisms can lead to increased concentrations of rivaroxaban and the development of bleeding.The aim of the study. To study the features of drug-drug interactions (DDI) of rivaroxaban in patients over 80 years of age with non-valvular atrial fibrillation depending on the ABCB1 genotype (rs1045642 and rs4148738) using the example of verapamil (P-gp inhibitor) and amlodipine.Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty-eight patients were examined (median age – 87.5 [83–90] years). Genotyping, determination of the minimum equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban (Cmin, ss), with standardization for the daily dose (Cmin, ss/D), coagulogram and analysis of medical documentation for the presence of clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNM) were carried out. Analysis of CRNM was performed depending on the ABCB1 genotype.Results. The use of rivaroxaban with verapamil in comparison with patients not taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs) leads to high Cmin, ss values in the CC genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738); Сmin, ss and Сmin, ss/D in the CT genotype (rs1045642); prothrombin time in the CC genotype (rs1045642), more frequent occurrence of CRNM in the TT  genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738). In  comparison with patients taking amlodipine, it leads to high Cmin, ss values in the CT genotype (rs1045642), a more frequent occurrence of CRNM in the TT genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738). The use of rivaroxaban with amlodipine in comparison with patients not taking CCBs leads to high Cmin, ss and Cmin, ss/D values in the CC genotype (rs1045642) (p < 0.017).Conclusion. The use of verapamil with rivaroxaban in ABCB1 TT carriers (rs4148738 and rs4148738) leads to the development of CRNM in 75 and 78 % of cases, respectively. In  patients taking rivaroxaban, it is advisable to test the ABCB1 genotype (rs4148738 and rs4148738) before adding a P-gp inhibitor to therapy

Структура распределения генетических детерминант эффективности и безопасности нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов в российской популяции: фокус на CYP2C8, PTGS1 и PTGS2

The efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be determined by the polymorphic nature of the CYP2C8, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes.Objective: to analyze the nature of the distribution of CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681), CYP2C8*3 (rs11572080), PTGS1 (rs10306135), PTGS1 (rs12353214) and PTGS2 (rs20417) among residents of the North Caucasus.Patients and methods. The study involved 676 volunteers from Russian, Balkar, Kabardian and Ossetian ethnic groups. Carriage of polymorphic markers CYP2C8, PTGS1 and PTGS2 was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. There were no significant differences between the groups in the rs10509681 and rs11572080 variants of the CYP2C8 gene. In all groups, the carriage of a combination of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 alleles, encoding the phenotype of normal metabolizers, prevailed with a frequency of about 75% or more. The rs10306135 variant of the PTGS1 gene was found in 5.9% of Russians, 1.1% of Balkars, 5.3% of Kabardians, and 10.6% of Ossetians; variant rs12353214 – in 19.1; 9.4; 10.8 and 9.2%, rs20417 polymorphism of the PTGS2 gene in 0.4; 5; 2.8 and 3.1% respectively.Conclusion. The data obtained can be used to develop a more rational approach to the prescription of NSAIDs, taking into account the genetic characteristics of the local population in ethnic regions.Эффективность и безопасность применения нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП) может определяться полиморфной природой генов CYP2C8, PTGS1 и PTGS2.Цель исследования – анализ характера распределения CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681), CYP2C8*3 (rs11572080), PTGS1 (rs10306135), PTGS1 (rs12353214) и PTGS2 (rs20417) среди жителей Северного Кавказа.Пациенты и методы. В исследовании участвовали 676 добровольцев из русской, балкарской, кабардинской и осетинской этнических групп. Носительство полиморфных маркеров CYP2C8, PTGS1 и PTGS2 определялось с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени.Результаты и обсуждение. Значимых различий между группами по вариантам rs10509681 и rs11572080 гена CYP2C8 не получено. Во всех группах преобладало носительство комбинации аллелей CYP2C8 и CYP2C9, кодирующих фенотип нормальных метаболизаторов с частотой около 75% и более. Вариант rs10306135 гена PTGS1 выявлен у 5,9% русских, 1,1% балкарцев, 5,3% кабардинцев и 10,6% осетин; вариант rs12353214 – у 19,1; 9,4; 10,8 и 9,2%, полиморфизм rs20417 гена PTGS2 – у 0,4; 5; 2,8 и 3,1% соответственно.Заключение. Полученные данные могут быть использованы при разработке более рационального подхода к назначению НПВП, учитывающего генетические особенности местного населения в этнических регионах

The rs11385942 and rs657152 variants are not associated with COVID-19 severity and outcomes in patients treated with favipiravir and remdesivir

Background. There is a mounting evidence in the scientific literature that susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection could vary. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms can  range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory failure, requiring prolonged artificial ventilation. The underlying causes of this range of clinical manifestations remain unclear. Identification of the risk factors that may cause this variation in clinical symptoms is important for identifying the most susceptible populations at highest risk. This should help improve prevention measures, reduce hospitalizations, and decrease the mortality rate of the disease. Previously, an association has been found between the severity of COVID-19 and the genetic markers rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C.The aim. To assess the impact of carrying polymorphic markers rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C on the severity of COVID-19 in patients undergoing specific therapy. Materials and methods. A total of 240 patients hospitalized with a coronavirus infection were included in the study. All patients received therapy with favipiravir or remdesivir. The presence of the rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C variants was determined in all patients. The study compared the length of hospital stays, frequency of patient transfers to the intensive care unit (ICU), and frequency of clinical outcomes (recovery or death) among carriers of allelic variants of the markers under investigation.Results. There were no significant associations between the carriage of variants rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C and the duration of patients’ hospitalization, frequency of patient transfers to the ICU, and patient outcomes.Conclusion. The carriage of rs11385942 G>GA and rs657152 A>C variants did not affect the severity or type of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19

Safety of Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 Patients: A Literature Review

The safety of COVID-19 pharmacotherapy is a relevant issue, first of all, because of the current lack of experience with using particular medicinal products and with off-label prescribing. The aim of the study was to analyse information on potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their predictors in etiology- and pathogenesis-oriented COVID-19 therapy. According to literature data, the main clinically significant risk factors for COVID-19 patients to develop an ADR are the duration of their hospital stay, combined use of antivirals, polypharmacy, and their history of drug allergies. The most common adverse reactions to antivirals, to virus-neutralising antibodies, and to human anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma are, respectively, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disor ders; gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, and allergic reactions; and transfusion reactions (fever, chills, etc.). For pathogenesis-oriented therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids, the most characteristic ADR is hyperglycaemia. Janus kinase inhibitors and interleukin inhibitors are most often associated with gastrointestinal disorders and hypertransaminasemia; neutropenia is also characteristic of a number of interleukin inhibitors. Haemo static adverse reactions to anticoagulants depend on the patient’s dosing regimen and condition. Drug-drug interactions are a common problem in COVID-19 treatment, with the combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir showing the largest number of significant interactions attributed to their pharmacokinetics. Currently, there is data on the role of pharmacogenetic biomarkers in the safety and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 therapy. Thus, to improve the safety of COVID-19 therapy, an integrated approach is needed that will take into account both the clinical, demographic, and pharmacogenetic predictors of ADRs and the risk of drug-drug interactions