Economic policies and methods of determining the costs of services related to national telecommunication/ICT networks: Output Report on ITU-D Question 4/1 for the study period 2018-2021

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Guidelines on cost modelling: Economic policies and methods of determining the costs of services related to national telecommunication/ICT networks

These final guidelines on cost modelling were elaborated under ITU-D Question 4/1 on economic policies and methods of determining the costs of services related to national telecommunication/ICT networks, including next-generation networks

A Review: Speech Separation Techniques and Its Applications

A fundamental task in signal processing, speech separation has many practical applications. For example, it can be used to improve the accuracy of automatic speech recognition by separating clear speech from noisy speech signals. When all that is available is a monaural recording of mixed speech, the task of extracting distinct sources from a complex mixture appears to be challenging for automatic calculation systems, in contrast to the remarkable ability of the human auditory system to do so. Monaural speech separation poses numerous challenges, but over the years, numerous attempts have been made in prior works to address this issue. Within the study that is being presented, we offer an extensive analysis of current research on speech separation and its uses

Copper Ores in Mawat Ophiolite Complex(Part of ZSZ) NE Iraq

Ore microscopy study for some samples from Mawat complex NE Iraq (part of Zagros Suture Zone) showed the presence of copper ore minerals was irregularly distributed, mainly throughout the basic rocks of Mawat Ophiolite Complex. The main sulfides minerals identified were: chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, chalcocite and covellite. Iron hydroxides/oxides including goethite and magnetite were also observed associated with sulfide ore. Chalcopyrite and pyrite were the main primary minerals from which other ores were formed. They were originated at the orthomagmatic stage, and also deposited from aqueous solution of final stage in the consolidation of a magma forming vein textures which was observed in many samples. Two types of pyrite generations were recognized. They were pre-tectonic pyrite and post-tectonic pyrite. The secondary recognized ore textures were rim, pseudo morph, zoning, relicts, atoll and vein replacement textures. Secondary textures resulting from exsolution were also presented. Three stages of mineralization could be concluded: orthomagmatic stage (Earliest), the hydrothermal activations stage (Hypogene) and the weathering stage (Supergene). Paragenaticaly, the primary copper sulfides including chalcopyrite and bornite were responsible for other copper ores formation. These minerals were observed disseminated throughout the host mafic rocks which were considered as endogenic deposits (magmatic and hypogene origin) and they were modified as small patches of chalcocite and covellite.Validerad; 2015; Nivå 1; 20151030 (nadhir

Evaluation of a novel functional orthotics device for managing proximal humerus fractures

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of an orthotic device in treating proximal humerus fractures. The following research methods were used Orthosis user group compare to the non-orthotic user group in terms of PHFs management. Physical function in daily activities and recovery were assessed using the DASH, SPADI, SST, Muscular Strength, and CONSTANT scores, radiological assessment, as well as the Orthosis questionnaire AND mathematically (statistical data processing). Based on the data normality results and clinical outcomes, a statistically significant difference between two groups was illustrate, the orthosis user group indicating a minimum level of inability, pain severity and a lack of functional skills to execute specific activities, had higher shoulder function and activity muscle strength recovered to a normal level, more effective in preserving and promoting arm function, as well as allowing for better functional mobility. Bone union indicating that the orthosis user group allowed the fracture to heal while providing sufficient support and stability. Furthermore, an orthosis satisfaction survey found that patients were fell protected and comfortable with the new orthosis

Numerical simulation on thermohydraulic performance of different types of nanofluids in a corrugated-triangular channel

Nanofluids have garnered significant interest as a potential solution to address overheating challenges across diverse industries. Researchers are actively exploring different types of nanofluids to mitigate these issues. In this study, a numerical analysis was conducted using ANSYS software to examine the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids (ranging from 0 to 4 volume fractions) in a corrugated wavy channel within the turbulent range. Various nanoparticles, including Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO, were employed and dispersed in different base fluids such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, and water. The particle size of the nanoparticles ranged from 20 to 70 nm. The results revealed that SiO2/water-based nanofluids provide better heat transfer than all the water-based nanofluids. The maximum average Nusselt number and pressure drop of 200 and 115 Pa, respectively, were observed for SiO2 nanofluid (volume fraction of 0.04) with a particle size of 20 nm.Highlights Al2O3, CuO, SiO2 and ZnO considered in this work.Corrugated plates with three different corrugated angles of 20° to 60° are tested.Eexperiments are performed for different heat flux in turbulent range.Maximum heat transfer obtained for SiO2/water nanofluid

Thermal and Hydraulic Performances of Carbon and Metallic Oxides-Based Nanomaterials

For companies, notably in the realms of energy and power supply, the essential requirement for highly efficient thermal transport solutions has become a serious concern. Current research highlighted the use of metallic oxides and carbon-based nanofluids as heat transfer fluids. This work examined two carbon forms (PEG@GNPs & PEG@TGr) and two types of metallic oxides (Al2O3 & SiO2) in a square heated pipe in the mass fraction of 0.1 wt.%. Laboratory conditions were as follows: 6401 ≤ Re ≤ 11,907 and wall heat flux = 11,205 W/m2. The effective thermal–physical and heat transfer properties were assessed for fully developed turbulent fluid flow at 20–60 °C. The thermal and hydraulic performances of nanofluids were rated in terms of pumping power, performance index (PI), and performance evaluation criteria (PEC). The heat transfer coefficients of the nanofluids improved the most: PEG@GNPs = 44.4%, PEG@TGr = 41.2%, Al2O3 = 22.5%, and SiO2 = 24%. Meanwhile, the highest augmentation in the Nu of the nanofluids was as follows: PEG@GNPs = 35%, PEG@TGr = 30.1%, Al2O3 = 20.6%, and SiO2 = 21.9%. The pressure loss and friction factor increased the highest, by 20.8–23.7% and 3.57–3.85%, respectively. In the end, the general performance of nanofluids has shown that they would be a good alternative to the traditional working fluids in heat transfer requests