Synthesis of Boron-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanosheets by Using Phyllanthus Emblica Leaf Extract: A Sustainable Environmental Applications

The use of Phyllanthus emblica (gooseberry) leaf extract to synthesize Boron-doped zinc oxide nanosheets (B-doped ZnO-NSs) is deliberated in this article. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows a network of synthesized nanosheets randomly aligned side by side in a B-doped ZnO (15 wt% B) sample. The thickness of B-doped ZnO-NSs is in the range of 20–80 nm. B-doped ZnO-NSs were tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. Against gram-negative bacterium (K. pneumonia and E. coli), B-doped ZnO displays enhanced antibacterial activity with 26 and 24 mm of inhibition zone, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL) of B-doped ZnO were investigated as aspects linked to radiation shielding. These observations were carried out by using a PTW® electron detector and VARIAN® irradiation with 6 MeV electrons. The results of these experiments can be used to learn more about the radiation shielding properties of B-doped ZnO nanostructures

Stem Cell Therapy with Overexpressed VEGF and PDGF Genes Improves Cardiac Function in a Rat Infarct Model

Therapeutic potential was evaluated in a rat model of myocardial infarction using nanofiber-expanded human cord blood derived hematopoietic stem cells (CD133+/CD34+) genetically modified with VEGF plus PDGF genes (VIP).Myocardial function was monitored every two weeks up to six weeks after therapy. Echocardiography revealed time dependent improvement of left ventricular function evaluated by M-mode, fractional shortening, anterior wall tissue velocity, wall motion score index, strain and strain rate in animals treated with VEGF plus PDGF overexpressed stem cells (VIP) compared to nanofiber expanded cells (Exp), freshly isolated cells (FCB) or media control (Media). Improvement observed was as follows: VIP>Exp> FCB>media. Similar trend was noticed in the exercise capacity of rats on a treadmill. These findings correlated with significantly increased neovascularization in ischemic tissue and markedly reduced infarct area in animals in the VIP group. Stem cells in addition to their usual homing sites such as lung, spleen, bone marrow and liver, also migrated to sites of myocardial ischemia. The improvement of cardiac function correlated with expression of heart tissue connexin 43, a gap junctional protein, and heart tissue angiogenesis related protein molecules like VEGF, pNOS3, NOS2 and GSK3. There was no evidence of upregulation in the molecules of oncogenic potential in genetically modified or other stem cell therapy groups.Regenerative therapy using nanofiber-expanded hematopoietic stem cells with overexpression of VEGF and PDGF has a favorable impact on the improvement of rat myocardial function accompanied by upregulation of tissue connexin 43 and pro-angiogenic molecules after infarction

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Characterization of SNEV function in DNA repair and adipogenic differentiation

Die lange durchschnittliche Lebensdauer, die wir gegenwärtig genießen, ist eine große Erfolgsgeschichte des medizinischen Fortschrittes, des Ernährungsstandards und der verbesserte Hygiene. Gleichzeitig stellt diese hohe Lebenserwartung eine große Herausforderung an unser Gesundheitssystem dar, vor allem in Bezug auf die damit verbundene Gebrechlichkeit und altersbedingte Krankheiten. Die molekularen Mechanismen, die die Entwicklung dieser altersbedingten Krankheiten kontrollieren, sind noch weitgehend unbekannt. Es ist daher von größter Bedeutung, jene Faktoren zu identifizieren und zu charakterisieren, die ein gesundes Altern fördern. Vor kurzem haben wir den DNA-Reparatur-Faktor SNEV identifiziert und charakterisiert und dabei beobachtet, dass nach ektopischer Überexpression von SNEV die Lebensdauer von Endothelzellen mehr als verdoppelt wird, begleitet von geringeren basalen DNA-Schäden und reduzierter Apoptoserate, sowie einer erhöhten Resistenz gegenüber oxidativem Stress. Übereinstimmend damit führt ein verminderter SNEV -Level zu frühzeitiger zellulärer Seneszenz. Wir betrachten daher SNEV als vielversprechenden Regulator des gesunden Alterns. Wir zeigen hier, dass SNEV von der Kinase ATM phosphoryliert wird, einem Enzym, das eine zelluläre Stressreaktion auslöst. SNEV wird von ATM-Kinase nach oxidativem Stress und DNA-Schäden phosphoryliert. ATM abhängige Phosphorylierung von SNEV reguliert nicht nur die SNEV Funktionen in der DNA-Reparatur und die Hemmung der Apoptose, sondern auch die Lebensdauer verlängernde Wirkung. Außerdem konnten wir nachweisen, dass die SNEV Expression während der adipogene Differenzierung von humanen mesenchymalen Stammzellen sukzessive gesteigert wird. Ein Knock-Down von SNEV hemmt Adipogenese sowohl in den aus menschlichem Fettgewebe gewonnene Stammzellen (hASCs) als auch in C. elegans, wohingegen die Überexpression von SNEVhPrp19 / hPso4 die adipogenese in ASC beschleunigt. Darüber hinaus haben wir auch gezeigt, dass Werner (WRN) ein weiterer DNA-Reparatur Faktor für die adipogenese in hASCs und C. elegans erforderlich ist. Es gelang uns somit, weitere neue Funktionen von SNEV zu identifizieren, die unser Verständnis von SNEV im Zusammenhang mit der Reparatur von DNA-Schäden und adipogener Differenzierung, erhöhen.The long average life span that we are currently enjoying is a big success story of the advancement in medicine, nutrition and improved hygiene. On the other hand, at the same time poses challenges to our health care system in terms of frailty and age related diseases. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the development of age related pathologies is not well understood. It is therefore of prime importance to identify and characterize factors that promote healthy aging. Recently, we identified and characterized the DNA repair factor SNEV and observed that upon ectopic over expression of SNEV , the life span of endothelial cells is prolonged more than double, accompanied by lower level of basal DNA damage and apoptosis as well as increased resistance to oxidative stress. In keeping with this, decreased SNEV level accelerate the entry into cellular Senescence. Therefore, we regard SNEV as a promising modulator of healthy aging. Here, we show that SNEV is a potential phosphorylation target of ATM Kinase, an enzyme that triggers a cellular stress response. SNEV is phosphorylated by ATM kinase upon oxidative stress and DNA damage. ATM dependent phosphorylation of SNEV modulates not only SNEV functions in DNA repair and suppression of apoptosis but also its life span extending effect as well. Beside this, we also showed that SNEV expression is increased gradually during adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Knock down of SNEV inhibits adipogenesis both in human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) and in C. elegans, whereas over expression of SNEV accelerates adipogenesis in ASCs. In addition, we also demonstrated that Werner (WRN) is required for adipogenesis in hASCs and C. elegans. In sum, here we report another novel functions of SNEV that will enhance our understanding of SNEV in DNA damage repair and adipogenic differentiation.Abdulhameed KhanZsfassung in dt. SpracheWien, Univ. für Bodenkultur, Diss., 2015OeBB(VLID)193018

SOLUTION OF CONTACT PROBLEM FOR PNEUMATIC TYRE WITH USE OF GEOMETRICALLY-NONLINEAR THEORY OF SHELLS

There the study object is the automobile radial pneumatic tyre. The purpose is to develop the solution method of contact problem with regard to the distinctions of tyre construction and to the large displacements. The finite member of three-layer shell has been developed, the geometrically-nonlinear contact problem has been solved. The developed technique is used for the designing computations and for the checking computations, for the prediction of distribution of contact pressure and of strained state. The design methods and the programs have been introduced in the design practice of Research Institute of Tyre Industry. The introduction of study results allows to design the radial tyres effectively. The design results may be used in the design departments of tyre worksesAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Exact solutions for MHD natural convection flow near an oscillating plate emerged in a porous medium

Analytical investigation was conducted on the transient natural convection flow past an oscillating infinite vertical plate in present of magnetic field and radiative heat transfer. The classical solution of this problem for impulsively moving plate is given by Seth in [2] and is found to be a special case of the solution to be presented. The governing model equations are solved analytically with the help of Laplace transform technique. The results are expressed in terms of the velocity and temperature profiles as well as the skin-friction and Nusselt number

Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér Inequalities for Conformable Fractional Integrals via Preinvex Functions

In this paper, we present a Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér inequality for conformable fractional integrals by using symmetric preinvex functions. We also establish an identity associated with the right hand side of Hermite-Hadamard inequality for preinvex functions; then by using this identity and preinvexity of functions and some well-known inequalities, we find several new Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for conformal fractional integrals