The Kuwaiti NGOs : their role in aid flows to developing countries

There is evidence of a substantial amount of Kuwaiti private aid flows to developing countries,although reliable estimates are not yet systematically collected. There is also some evidence that this amount could expand to form a larger portion of Kuwait's development assistance. Following are the key points that emerge: (A) Two factors, Islam and Arab heritage, are the most important contributors to the growth of Kuwaiti private aid giving; (B) Whatever the motivation, the emphasis in external giving has been on developmental projects with geographical distribution favoring Africa, the Middle East and South-East Asia. (C) Most nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have moved from a single sector approach to a more multi-faceted approach that focuses on education, health and agriculture. (D) Because Kuwait is a small country with a homogenous endogenous population, individuals do not face the problem of choosing a reliable organization for their donations. (E) Kuwaiti private giving is not tightly controlled by the government, nor is there tension between public/private linkages. (F) In the absence of some government regulation, a Kuwaiti NGO weakness could be diffusion and duplication of aid efforts. Kuwaiti NGOs place emphasis on individual projects that seem to be designed and implemented in isolation of broader development recipient country strategies.Development Economics&Aid Effectiveness,Community Development and Empowerment,Health Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems

P and M class phasor measurement unit algorithms using adaptive cascaded filters

The new standard C37.118.1 lays down strict performance limits for phasor measurement units (PMUs) under steady-state and dynamic conditions. Reference algorithms are also presented for the P (performance) and M (measurement) class PMUs. In this paper, the performance of these algorithms is analysed during some key signal scenarios, particularly those of off-nominal frequency, frequency ramps, and harmonic contamination. While it is found that total vector error (TVE) accuracy is relatively easy to achieve, the reference algorithm is not able to achieve a useful ROCOF (rate of change of frequency) accuracy. Instead, this paper presents alternative algorithms for P and M class PMUs which use adaptive filtering techniques in real time at up to 10 kHz sample rates, allowing consistent accuracy to be maintained across a ±33% frequency range. ROCOF errors can be reduced by factors of >40 for P class and >100 for M class devices

P-class phasor measurement unit algorithms using adaptive filtering to enhance accuracy at off-nominal frequencies

While the present standard C.37.118-2005 for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) requires testing only at steady-state conditions, proposed new versions of the standard require much more stringent testing, involving frequency ramps and off-nominal frequency testing. This paper presents two new algorithms for “P Class” PMUs which enable performance at off-nominal frequencies to be retained at levels comparable to the performance for nominal frequency input. The performances of the algorithms are compared to the “Basic” Synchrophasor Estimation Model described in the new standard. The proposed algorithms show a much better performance than the “Basic” algorithm, particularly in the measurements of frequency and rate-of-change-of-frequency at off-nominal frequencies and in the presence of unbalance and harmonics

Effects of MHD and wall properties on the peristaltic transport of a Carreau fluid through porous medium

This work concerns the peristaltic flow of a Carreau fluid model through porous medium under combined effects of MHD and wall properties. The assumptions of Reynolds number and long wavelength is investigated. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with velocity of the wave. The perturbation series in terms of the Weissenberg number (We <1) was used to obtain explicit forms for velocity field and stream function. The effects of thermal conductivity, Grashof number, Darcy number, magnet, rigidity, stiffness of the wall and viscous damping force parameters on velocity, temperature and stream function have been studied

A dynamic modelling environment for the evaluation of wide area protection systems

This paper introduces the concept of dynamic modelling for wide area and adaptive power system protection. Although not limited to these types of protection schemes, these were chosen due to their potential role in solving a multitude of protection challenges facing future power systems. The dynamic modelling will be implemented using a bespoke simulation environment. This tool allows for a fully integrated testing methodology which enables the validation of protection solutions prior to their operational deployment. Furthermore the paper suggests a distributed protection architecture, which when applied to existing and future protection schemes, has the potential to enhance their functionality and avoid mal-operation given that safety and reliability of power systems are paramount. This architecture also provides a means to better understand the underlying dynamics of the aforementioned protection schemes and will be rigorously validated using the modelling environment

Literature Review of The Store Windows Display Influences on Consumers Attractiveness Through the Layout Design

Windows display is one of the important aspect in retail design in order to increase consumer product awareness. The store windows design had been varied especially with the creative visual merchandiser in managing a visual approach of store windows display. Flat type store windows display often used in Bandung Retail, and has characteristic of its own retail brand image to improve attractiveness. Layout design of a store windows display has an important role for the influence of consumer behavior especially in shopping attitudes. This research identify the effects of WAKAI and MANGO store windows display at Trans Studio Mall on consumer attractiveness through the implementation of layout design principles Keywords Store Windows, Retail, Attractiveness, Layout design