Influence of body weight and serum electrolyte status on sheep electrocardiography

Considering the importance of sheep, economically and in research, it is necessary to explain what normal sheep electrocardiogram values are, and the factors that can cause variations in ECG parameters. The present study, therefore, sought to verify the differences that exist in ECG time scaling between different sub-groupings of sheep. To achieve this, 60 normal sheep were evaluated for the ECG. We reported that at normal ranges of electrolytes and ECG intervals/durations, with mean weights: Ouda = 41.6 ± 7.2 kg (27.8 – 54.0 kg), Balami = 33.2 ± 6.4 kg (22.2 – 43.5 kg); the ewes showed significantly long timing of ECG waves than the rams (P <0.001), the lambs lower than the adult sheep (P <0.001), the Ouda beyond the Balami breed (P <0.001) and the semi-intensive sheep more than the intensively managed (P <0.001). However, when the sub-groups were evaluated for the variations in the PR interval and QTc, with every increase in a unit of the weight, calcium or potassium ions, no discernable difference was noticed between the two sexes. In this, the lambs showed a better slope of these relationships compared to the adult sheep (PR interval: β- coefficient = 0.0010 – 0.0086 v -0.0001- 0.0005 and QTc: 0.0006 – 0.0215 v -0.0001 – 0.0143). The Ouda correlated better than the Balami breed, (PR interval: β- coefficient =0.0062 – 0.2527 v -0.0007 – 0.0033 and QTc: 0.0008 – 0.0264 v 0.0001 – 0.0064). And the semi-intensively managed sheep had an enhanced relationship than sheep managed intensively (PR interval: β- coefficient =0.0002 – 0.0123 v 0.0001 – 0,0071 and QTc: 0.0006 – 0.0197 v 0.0001 – 0.0108). We, therefore, conclude from this result, that within the normal serum electrolytes range, both body weight and habitual physical activity may influence atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization timing, with the physical activity level playing an overall dominant role

Relationship between physicochemical parameters and zooplanktons in Karidna reservoir, Kaduna state

The study was conducted for a period of one year between October 2013 and September 2014 with the aim to establish the relationship between physicochemical parameters and zooplanktons in Karidna Reservoir. Five sampling stations were chosen; the physicochemical and biological parameters were determined using standard methods, procedures and instruments. The results obtained for the physico-chemical parameters indicated thatpH (6.19-8.63),Temperature (25.94-31.54oC), Electrical Conductivity (38.20-64.20µS/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (19.20-37.20 mg/l), Transparency (19.40-40.10 cm) Dissolved Oxygen (2.40-6.81mg/L), Hardness ( 3.48-174.4mg/L) Calcium (2.14-3.86mg/L),Biological Oxygen Demand (2.91-40.85mg/L), Chloride (2.28-3.58mg/L) Phosphate-phosphorus (0.04-0.24mg/L), Nitrate- Nitrogen (0.14-0.30mg/L), Sulphate (0.06-0.21mg/L) Alkalinity (2.51-5.04mg/l). Po4-, NO3-,SO4-,EC,TDS,Transparency,D.O and B.O.D were highly significant at (P<0.01) between the seasons while non-significant differences were observed in Cl, Hardness, Alkalinity, Temperature and pH. It was only Calcium that was significant at (P>0.01).Zooplankton samples were collected with silk plankton net of 25cm diameter of 70µm meshes attached with a bottle of 50ml capacity at the base and collection of samples of zooplanktons through vertical hauling.Five different groups of zooplankton were identified in this study where Rotifera group represented as the most dominant group securing seven genus .Almost all groups of zooplankton were found at a higher number in the wet season whereas dry season represented the lowest number of them. Zooplanktons of all groups were positively correlated with calcium and pH. Effective monitoring of the parameters of the reservoir and regulation of domestic activities in and around the reservoir are recommended in order to slow down the aging process and conserve its biodiversity for a longer period. Keywords: Zooplanktons, Karidna Reservoir, Physicochemical Parameters, Plankton net, Hanan Instrumen

Working capital management and financial performance of listed conglomerate companies in Nigeria

This study examines the impact of working capital management on the financial performance of listed conglomerate companies in Nigeria for a period of ten (10) years (2005-2014). Data for the study were quantitatively retrieved from the annual reports and accounts of the studied companies. The study employed descriptive statistics to describe the variable while the relationships among the variables were established via correlation. Variable Inflation Factor (VIF) was used to determine the existence or otherwise of multi-collinearity while Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regression was used to analyze the data. It was found that debtors collection period, creditors payment period and firm size were negatively related to return on investment while cash conversion cycle has positive but insignificant relationship with the financial performance of the studied companies. The study however, recommends among others that listed conglomerate companies should maintain the current debtors’ collection period or further reduce it in order to continue to enhance financial performance.peer-reviewe

Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Via Chalcone Derivatives and Study Activity of Some these Compounds as Pesticides (Anti-Dubas)

In this research, we synthesized oxazine and thiazine derivatives (3-6). These derivatives of chacone compounds (1 and 2) that synthesized from 4- hydroxyacetophenone and aldehyde derivatives such as, 4-bromobenzaldehyde and 4- chlorobenzaldehyde. These derivatives of chalcone (1-2) reacted with urea to produce oxazine derivatives as 4-[4-amino-6-(4-subsutitedphenyl)-2H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl] phenol (3 and 4) and thiourea to produce 4-[4-amino-6-(4-subsutitedphenyl)-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl] phenol (5 and 6). These derivatives were characterization by spectroscopy methods such as, FTIR and 1HNMR. Some compounds (3 and 5) that synthesized tested as Pesticides (anti-dubas) through the spray method and these derivatives killed Dubas and we noted the compound 5 was more active from compound 3 because compound 5 have been S atom in his structure that bonded in active group in dubas by effect on Cholinesterase enzyme in the insect

Chemical Information from Proximate and Elemental Composition of Acalypha hispida Leaf

Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(2): 240-245 Authors: Abdulazeez, N. C. Nwokem, I. L. Ibrahim, H. L. Zubairu, A. Uthman and M. Abubakar Received 17 May 2020/Accepted 28 May 2020  Proximate and elemental compositions of plant leaves can provide useful information on the nutritional benefits of the plant. Proximate and elemental analysis of Acalypha hispida leaves were conducted using official and recommended methods. The result obtained indicated that the plant leaf contain moisture (11.02%), crude fat (6.05%), total ash (10.17%), crude protein (13.17%), crude fibre (10.36%) and carbohydrate (48.65%). Analysis for the presence of some elements indicated the presence of essential elements, which included iron, zinc and copper. The toxic lead was also found to be present in the plant leaves as Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb. Iron had the highest mean concentration of 20.7mg/g while concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb were 0.230, 0.778 and 1.729 mg/g respectively. Concentration of these metal ions were within the tolerance and safe limits for the human nutrition

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy; a Condition to Monitor in the Management of Leukaemia Patients

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy is a consumption coagulopathy which mostly results from an underlying disease. It occurs as a result of the activation of the coagulation cascade leading to the formation of thrombi which results in haemorrhage due to the excessive consumption of platelet and coagulation factors. Mali gnancy is associated with hypercoagulable state and increased risk for thrombohemorrhagic complications and leukaemia is no exception. Bleeding manifestations are common in acute leukemias, especially in acute myeloblastic leukemia, and are prominent featu res of an initial stage of the disease. This study assessed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) in leukaemia patients in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixteen (116) subjects consisting of 58 leukaemic subjects (AML, CLL, and CM L) and 58 age and sex - matched healthy control subjects were recruited into the study. The parameters estimated in this study were packed cell volume (PCV), platelet count, white blood cell count (WBC), prothrombin time (PT), the international normalised ra tio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and D - dimer assay. Result s : The mean ± SD values of the parameters assessed in the leukaemia patients include 3.7±3.1 μg FEU/mL, 67.5±55.7 seconds, 1.8±0.1, 77.3±31.8 seconds, 194±103 cells/mm 3 , 74±124 cells/mm 3 , 30±5% for D - dimer, PT, INR, aPTT, platelets, WBC and PCV respectively. The results display a significant statistical difference between the leukaemic and the control subjects (p<0.05). Conclusion: The abnormality of these haemostatic par ameters occurring in the leukaemic subjects (AML, CLL, and CML) is highly indicative of the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in these patients. This study, therefore, shows that disseminated intravascular coagulopathy can occur as a co mplication of various types of leukaemia studied and this requires prompt and appropriate management

The role of strict patient-positioning during nursing in the management of intracerebral migration of gravitational bullet injury

The intracranial migration of bullet was described in literature since Cushing time and the First World War [1]. The literature is still away from delivering a clear guideline and constitutes more of case reports rather than comprehensive well-designed studies [2-13], this mostly due to the variability and diversity in the presentation and management of such cases. The migration of bullet can be a sequel of any type of penetrating injury to the skull [14]. Intracranial migration after gravitational (falling) bullet injury is a unique type of injury that constitutes of significant human and material losses with differences in biomechanics and structural brain changes after the insult especially regarding the velocity of impact and the degree of yaw for the intracranially settled bullet [15]. The gravitational bullets injuries are considered by the international disease classification system as celebratory firing, that is quite common and is part of the traditional happy (marriage) or funeral event in the middle east in general and in rural areas of Iraq in particular, and also reported in some areas around the world (South America, North Africa, and middle of Asia) [15,16]

Performance Study of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System Using Activated Carbon - Methanol

The depleting of the conventional sources of energy and the excess use of HCF components lead to the need for new techniques both for conservation of energy sources for the future and for decreasing the its harmful effects on the environment. This study investigated the adsorption capabilities of activated carbon. The adsorption of methanol on this substance was tested for their application in the adsorption refrigeration system based on solar energy. Adsorption refrigeration system has been designed and manufactured with the energy source being solar energy. Methanol/activated carbon pairs have been used in experiments. The present work focused on the performance of the adsorption refrigeration system considering the temperature attained in the evaporator and the cooled spaced cabinet. The amounts of activated carbon used was (8 kg), while the amount of methanol were (1, 1.25, and 1.5) kg. The experiments were done in different days of the year. The amount of adsorption of methanol (as a result of decreasing the evaporator and cooled spaced temperature) was found to depend on the generator pressure and its increase as the primary generator pressure decreases. The best mass of methanol used was (1 kg) which give the lowest temperature obtained at the evaporative surface was ( 3.4 oC ) at the day ( 4/4/2017 ). The results  shown that even in cloudy days there is a benefit from using such a system because the temperature attained is enough to start the adsorption process. The lowest temperature obtained at the evaporative surface was (3.4 oC) at the day (4/4/2017) for methanol mass of (1 kg) at an opening time of the valve between the evaporator and the generator (9:30am). The increase of methanol amount used in the experiment led to a good decrease in temperature attained in cooled spaced, but this is related to the time of connecting the evaporator and generator

Normal electrocardiographic parameters of Auraki donkeys in Sokoto, Nigeria: baseline for adaptation

Donkey is becoming an endangered species regionally in northwestern Nigeria and nationally. Indigenous species have suffered a sharp decline in population from hunting, diseases and slaughter as food animals by different tribes in Nigeria. Very little information on their cardiac excitability is available, owing to negligence and lack of comprehensive and coherent national program on donkeys’ conservation and preservation, hence the need to carry out the study. The study was carried out using 22 apparently healthy Jacks (male donkeys) with a mean age of 8 ± 0.7 years and an average weight of 135kg ± 0.5. The donkeys were manually restrained on standing position on an insulated ground surface using a rubber mat; Electrocardiogram was conducted using single lead channel ECG recorder (EDAN VE-100). The durations of P, R, T, QRS, P-R interval and Q-T interval were recorded as well as the amplitudes of P, R and T. The highest amplitude of P- wave was obtained in lead II while the highest R-wave amplitude was obtained in lead aVR. P and T wave’s durations were highest in lead aVR while higher R-wave and QRS complex durations were obtained in leads aVL and aVF, respectively. The P-R and Q-T intervals (duration) were highest in lead I. Positive P-wave, Negative T-wave and Negative deflection of QRS complex were predominant. Variable QRS-complexes were recorded with predominant QS deflection. The mean heart rate was 52.8±1.8 and ranged between 30-142beats/minute. ECG parameters of donkeys in Sokoto differ from that of other breeds. Data generated will serve as baseline references for quick detection of deviations and early diagnosis and management of potential cardiovascular conditions in studied breed. Key Words: Arrhythmias, Electrocardiogram, Tropics, Auraki Donkeys, Extinction, Sokot

Correction to: Comparison of electrocardiographic parameters of racing and non-racing horses in Sokoto Nigeria

The initial version of the article published in Volume 18 number 1 (March, 2020) contained errors in the names of AJ Ishaq and N Abduazeez. Their correct names are: AI Ja’afaru and N Abdulazeez, respectively